2025 ئامادەتی تەمپەرەتۆرە ڕاگەیراندن بۆ ئامێری خزمەتگوزاری: پێشکشی کارایی نگهداوە و ئامنی

1.Berhemên Berhemdarên Pirûsê Dabeşkirina Wanî yên Temperatûr
1.1 Kontrolkerên Temperatûr ji bo Wanî yên Dabeşkirina Transformerên Şîk
Sensoryên direzyonê platin û têne bikar anîn ji bo kontrolkerên temperatûr. Ji ber ku wan çiftandina nayê, sensor di dema testên dayîna bixweber de hewce ye ku ji kontrolkerê veqet bike. Lekin, dayîna bixweber bi serîyekan derbasda her dema wan dibe kontrolkerê pêwendike. Weha wekî, rêzikên sensor ne zevê 350°C di dema istikrarên termal û dinamîk de ji bo short-circuit ên secîd-a transformerên şîk ne piştgirî bibin, ku heke wan çend dikare bi serîyan.

1.2 Termometra Direzyonê Presiyonî ji bo Wanî yên Temperatûrê Oil Transformer Power
Eva termometra yê bi sensorka direzyonê platin û têne bikar anîn. Ji ber ku vegera direzyonê ya navçeyê e, li gorî rezigên sensorê çêtir hatîne. Tevlê, rezigên lêkolînên terminalên çendîn di rêzikên rezigê de ji ber oxida, xweşkirina, an pêşniyarî, guhertin, u wan guhertinan ne piştgirî bibin di wanî yên temperatûrê de. Ev çendîk problemê çêtir hatîne di dema wanî yên nîşan dan û wanî yên rastî yên oil-an de, ku bêparasîna wanî yên temperatûrê werbigire. Li girtî, wan multi-point oil temperature monitoring tune, ku hewceye ji bo encamên digel.

2.Dabeşkirina Wanî yên Temperatûrê Wanî yên Power Equipment û Cihanên Teybetandî
2.1 Switchgear-a Medium-Voltage
Ji bo xebitên kevn, ji bo xebitên medium-voltage da switchgear-a ji strukturên destpêk û interlockên anti-misoperation têne bikar anîn. Di dema opereyasyonê de, kapî û çarx û pêşvekî yên infrared radiation neguherînin ji bo testên infrared. Rêzikên conductive joint û connector ên navçeyê ji ber wear electrical, operasyonên mekanîk, û force electromagnetic ên short-circuit dibe guhertin, ku ji ber rengkirina temperatûr û oxidasyona rastî û çêtir hatîne, ku ji ber ku wan dibe biguherîne. Wan cihanên çêtir hatîne di switchgear-a de ku withdrawable switch contacts û connection points-a cable ên incoming û outgoing.

2.2 Windings-a Medium-Voltage ên Transformerên Şîk
Bi pêşketina power equipment, 110kV high-voltage dry-type power transformers û specialized dry-type transformers ji bo railway systems çêkir. Secîd-a wan rated li ser 6–10kV, û wan transformerên taybetandî yên secîd-a voltage-ê ji 660V pir. Encamên dabeşkirina wanî yên online yên wanî yên reliable ji bo secondary winding temperatures ên wan transformerên tune.

2.3 Low-Voltage Outlet Terminals ên Transformerên Pole-Mounted (Distribution Transformers)
Distribution transformers li ser mîrovanên outdoor jî çêkir, û secîd-a wan protection tune, ji ber ku wan çend dikare bi serîyan. Statistikên nîşandan ku overheating di outlet terminals de li ser wanî yên pir îne. Article 5.1.4 ên "Power Transformer Operation Regulations" nîşandan ku routine inspections pêdivî ye ku wanî yên heating di connections, cables, û busbars de biceribîne. Traditionally, visual inspection, water dripping, û observing oil leakage from bushings bikar anîn ji bo judgment. Lekin, ji ber ku workload ên inspections mezin e, wan checkan ne bi serîyan, ku ji ber ku wan dibe sudden transformer failures. Ji ber ku transformer severe three-phase load imbalance dibe, neutral current mezin di outlet terminal-a undersized de hate hate, û ji ber ku connection bad e, wan dibe overheating û burn out, ku ji ber ku wan dibe damage to numerous household appliances. Bêyî ev, online temperature monitoring di wan cihanên de hewceye.

2.4 Prefabricated Substations (Containerized Substations)

Prefabricated substations ên domestic production related equipment ji bo fully enclosed enclosures integrate, lê most lack integrated design û testing. Ji ber enclosure—sometimes multiple layers—equipment heat dissipation affected. Additionally, the extent of equipment derating difficult to determine reasonably, potentially causing internal equipment to overheat. The State Power Corporation in its prefabricated substation tender documents requires that the operating temperature of all equipment, including transformers and high/low-voltage apparatus, must not exceed their maximum allowable temperatures. This necessitates online temperature monitoring. Currently, prefabricated substations generally only monitor transformer oil temperature and automatically switch on/off ventilation fans based on temperature changes. Due to lack of matching products, temperature monitoring is not implemented as required for transformer outlet terminals, low-voltage switches, and high-voltage switch incoming/outgoing terminals.

3.Two Methods of Online Temperature Monitoring

There are currently two main methods of online temperature monitoring: non-contact infrared radiation and contact-type measurement using thermal sensors. Non-contact infrared sensors are significantly affected by environmental factors such as humidity, atmospheric pressure, and obstructions; if infrared radiation is blocked, accurate measurement becomes impossible, greatly limiting their application. In contrast, contact-type sensors are directly attached to the measurement point, experience less interference from environmental factors, and enable accurate and rapid temperature detection.

Shortcomings of Existing Contact Solutions:
When thermocouples are used as sensors, cold-junction compensation is required because the reference (cold) junction cannot be maintained at 0°C, especially when measuring at room temperature. If the measuring (hot) and reference junctions are far apart, special compensating cables are also needed.

When fiber-optic sensors are used—including a transmitter, receiver, connectors, and optical fiber—the installation and routing of the fiber present significant challenges. Fiber-based signal transmission does not easily achieve complete electrical isolation between high and low potential sides. When the transmitter is installed on the high-voltage side, the problem of insulation to ground remains unresolved.

Using resistive sensors for direct contact measurement with wired signal transmission on the high-potential side, combined with air-gap insulation and infrared-optical conversion to transmit temperature signals, is a viable solution. However, since the infrared emitter and receiver are exposed, dust and contamination accumulate over long-term operation, gradually degrading signal reliability and measurement accuracy—another difficult issue to resolve. Additionally, professional on-site installation and commissioning are required, resulting in suboptimal user convenience.

4.Key Technical Challenges of Online Temperature Monitoring Devices

(1) In low-voltage systems, the main technical challenge is solving the problem of thermal conduction while maintaining electrical insulation for the temperature sensor. In high-voltage systems, it is essential to prevent high voltage from entering the low-voltage side. Since the sensing element is located at the high-voltage end and the monitoring/processing unit is on the low-voltage side, the core technical issue is achieving reliable electrical isolation between the high-voltage and low-voltage systems.

(2) The temperature sensor (including its leads) must meet requirements for stability and heat resistance under high-temperature conditions. It must not only withstand abnormal overheating but also survive the short-term high temperatures generated by dynamic and thermal stress during short-circuit currents without damage.

(3) Accurate temperature measurement requires a method that eliminates the need for compensation, ensuring measurement precision without additional correction.