Terminasyonê Kabelên MV & HV bi Pîçeyên & Darmendinên Ekipmanê
Pêşkçûnên Seral û Bîrkarî yên Dihînî yên Elektrîk
Heta ku derbarê pêşkçûna rasteyên elektrîk da di ser switchgearên navendî, motorên elektrîk, transformatorên guhertina deng, transformatorên pîvan, û pirûmerên din ên bi nivîsî medya (MV, ku herêmê dengê ye (1 kV < V < 60 kV) û hêvi (HV, ku V ≥ 60 kV) de, çend sereke û bîrkarî rey dikin. Ew serekan ji derava taybetmendiya çizgirtina pêşkçûnan, bêtir di ser switchgearan de hatine. Ji bo piştgiriya bêrnavkirina wan serbîhên, biryarî kirina nezîk bi şopandekarê malpera cihazê niha ne wekheviyek dike.
Bîrkarî yên Pêşkçûna Machineyên Elektrîk û Guherandina Kâblên Navendî-Navendî
Bîrkarî yên Pêşkçûna Machineyên Elektrîk
Heta ku machineyên elektrîk pêşkçûn dibin, setek bîrkarî derbasdar dibe ku bixebitandin bêdawat, bixweber û efektî:
Bus û Endamên Dibêjî: Rêzik, materyal, û zorî busbar û endamên dibêjî an tişt e. Ew hewce ne ku bixebitandin gurûyên elektrîk, tenzîyonên mekanîk, û tenzîyonên serbestî yên qurtî ya bêtir bixebitandin rêzik û stabîl.
Sisteman û Malpera Insulasyonê: Teybetmendiya insulasyonê di ser circuit breakers de bêtir e ji bo piştgiriya serbîhên elektrîk. Ew hewce ne ku bixebitandin dengê nermîn, overvoltages transîent, û şertên mîrofî bêtir bixebitandin.
Analîz PD (Partial Discharge): Danîndana analîza partial discharge yekemîne wateyan kesane tevahînê insulasyonê. Partial discharges dikarin bêrnavkirina xezankirina insulasyonê. Heta ku ew bêtir nikirin, dikarin werdigire serbîhên bêtir.
Materyal Insulasyon: Hişeyek insulasyon, ku oil, sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), û vacuum be, bêtir dikare bixebitandin performansa. Her materyal heye ke vê avantaj û kamarandî yên xwe di ser têkiliyên insulasyon, taybetmendiyên arc-quenching, tesîre mîrofî, û hişeyên parastina bêtir.
Teybetmendiya Sisteman Wedging: Sisteman wedging, ku komponentan di jêr bide, hewce ne ku bêtir bexwe. Sistemê wedging yan ter bêtir dikare bixebitandin girêdanên vala, zêdetirîn direksîyonên elektrîk, û potensiyel overheat.
Cureyên Gasî Serderandî: Ji bo machineyên ku ber gas-based cooling systems dest pê dikin, cureyên gasî serderandî têkiliyên serderandî û performansa bêtir dikare bixebitandin. Cureyên din heye ke vê thermal conductivities û heat-carrying capacities yên din.
Dek dê Cihanên Grounded bi Conductors Hêvi: Dek dê cihanên grounded di ser conductors hêvi de bêtir dikare bixebitandin. Dek dê cihanên grounded bi conductors hêvi de bêtir dikare bixebitandin. Dek dê cihanên grounded bi conductors hêvi de bêtir dikare bixebitandin.
Pêşkçûna Guherandina Kâblên Navendî-Navendî
Pêşkçûna guherandina kâblên navendî-Navendî, ku bi OH/OG terminations name kirin, rola keyî di networkên distribution elektrîk de. Wan terminations bi karî yên systemên bi dengên nermînên derê 36 kV. Karên bi bêrnavkirina wan hewce ne ku bixebitandin connect the distribution system to pre-assembled indoor or outdoor switchgears and facilitating the routing of electrical power while avoiding the need for overhead lines to traverse urban areas.
OH/OG terminations bi kâblên insulated bi oil-paper û cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) compatible ne, ku single-core û three-core be. Ew di navend de installyar in û di structure metallic yên ku fiqra 1-an de nîşan didin.
Bi bêrnavkirina OH/OG terminations hewce ne ku structure metallic yên wan bêtir bixebitandin. Ev grounding bixebitandin piştgiriya ji şokên elektrîk, dissipate fault currents, û bixebitandin bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêt...... Pêşkçûnên Seral û Bîrkarî yên Dihînî yên Elektrîk Heta ku derbarê pêşkçûna rasteyên elektrîk da di ser switchgearên navendî, motorên elektrîk, transformatorên guhertina deng, transformatorên pîvan, û pirûmerên din ên bi nivîsî medya (MV, ku herêmê dengê ye (1 kV < V < 60 kV) û hêvi (HV, ku V ≥ 60 kV) de, çend sereke û bîrkarî rey dikin. Ew serekan ji derava taybetmendiya çizgirtina pêşkçûnan, bêtir di ser switchgearan de hatine. Ji bo piştgiriya bêrnavkirina wan serbîhên, biryarî kirina nezîk bi şopandekarê malpera cihazê niha ne wekheviyek dike.
Bîrkarî yên Pêşkçûna Machineyên Elektrîk û Guherandina Kâblên Navendî-Navendî Bîrkarî yên Pêşkçûna Machineyên Elektrîk Heta ku machineyên elektrîk pêşkçûn dibin, setek bîrkarî derbasdar dibe ku bixebitandin bêdawat, bixweber û efektî: Bus û Endamên Dibêjî: Rêzik, materyal, û zorî busbar û endamên dibêjî an tişt e. Ew hewce ne ku bixebitandin gurûyên elektrîk, tenzîyonên mekanîk, û tenzîyonên serbestî yên qurtî ya bêtir bixebitandin rêzik û stabîl. Sisteman û Malpera Insulasyonê: Teybetmendiya insulasyonê di ser circuit breakers de bêtir e ji bo piştgiriya serbîhên elektrîk. Ew hewce ne ku bixebitandin dengê nermîn, overvoltages transîent, û şertên mîrofî bêtir bixebitandin. Analîz PD (Partial Discharge): Danîndana analîza partial discharge yekemîne wateyan kesane tevahînê insulasyonê. Partial discharges dikarin bêrnavkirina xezankirina insulasyonê. Heta ku ew bêtir nikirin, dikarin werdigire serbîhên bêtir. Materyal Insulasyon: Hişeyek insulasyon, ku oil, sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), û vacuum be, bêtir dikare bixebitandin performansa. Her materyal heye ke vê avantaj û kamarandî yên xwe di ser têkiliyên insulasyon, taybetmendiyên arc-quenching, tesîre mîrofî, û hişeyên parastina bêtir. Teybetmendiya Sisteman Wedging: Sisteman wedging, ku komponentan di jêr bide, hewce ne ku bêtir bexwe. Sistemê wedging yan ter bêtir dikare bixebitandin girêdanên vala, zêdetirîn direksîyonên elektrîk, û potensiyel overheat. Cureyên Gasî Serderandî: Ji bo machineyên ku ber gas-based cooling systems dest pê dikin, cureyên gasî serderandî têkiliyên serderandî û performansa bêtir dikare bixebitandin. Cureyên din heye ke vê thermal conductivities û heat-carrying capacities yên din. Dek dê Cihanên Grounded bi Conductors Hêvi: Dek dê cihanên grounded di ser conductors hêvi de bêtir dikare bixebitandin. Dek dê cihanên grounded bi conductors hêvi de bêtir dikare bixebitandin. Dek dê cihanên grounded bi conductors hêvi de bêtir dikare bixebitandin. Pêşkçûna Guherandina Kâblên Navendî-Navendî Pêşkçûna guherandina kâblên navendî-Navendî, ku bi OH/OG terminations name kirin, rola keyî di networkên distribution elektrîk de. Wan terminations bi karî yên systemên bi dengên nermînên derê 36 kV. Karên bi bêrnavkirina wan hewce ne ku bixebitandin connect the distribution system to pre-assembled indoor or outdoor switchgears and facilitating the routing of electrical power while avoiding the need for overhead lines to traverse urban areas. OH/OG terminations bi kâblên insulated bi oil-paper û cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) compatible ne, ku single-core û three-core be. Ew di navend de installyar in û di structure metallic yên ku fiqra 1-an de nîşan didin. Bi bêrnavkirina OH/OG terminations hewce ne ku structure metallic yên wan bêtir bixebitandin. Ev grounding bixebitandin piştgiriya ji şokên elektrîk, dissipate fault currents, û bixebitandin bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêt...... Pêşkçûna Elbow û Karên Van Dike di Ring Main Units (RMUs) de Pêşkçûna elbow rola keyî ne, bêtir heta ku kâblên bi bushings ya Ring Main Units (RMUs) pêşkçûn dibin. RMUs systeman switchgear yên compact, self-contained, û fully insulated ne ku sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) bi karî yên insulasyon dibe. Bi serkarî yên networkên distribution ên din, wan rola keyî ne ji bo management û distribution elektrîk da. Yek ji taybetmendiyên keyî RMUs designa wê ye ji bo internal arc withstand, ku bêtir bixebitandin piştgiriya û bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêtir bêt............ Cable Joints & Terminations Elastimold Elastimold navê bi malpera keyî ye ku setek cihaz û accessories ji bo splicing û pêşkçûna kâblên taybetandî yên derê 36 kV. Pêşkçûnan Elastimold cable di designan single-piece û modular de. Modelan veguhate wan ji bo çend karî, bêtir heta ku guherandin kâblên navendî-Navendî, connections to live-front equipment, û elbow connections, ku ji bo indoor û outdoor bekar ne. Ew bi serkarî yên switchgear high-voltage insulated bi oil, SF6, û air, transformatoran, motoran, û capacitors. Designan Elastimold products silicone rubber insulating materials advanced în. Materyalan din piştgiriya jîn, electrical strikes, weathering, û contamination dide, bixebitandin performansa bêtir heta li ser şertên tevahîn. Nature compact û lightweight Elastimold units installation easy di spaces confined de û free-hanging applications enable. Cihazan Elastimold ATEX-certified. ATEX, derived from the French title of the 94/9/EC (European Commission) directive "Appareils destinés à être utilisés en ATmosphères Explosibles" (Equipment to be installed in explosive atmospheres), these high-voltage bushings are suitable for use within oil or air-insulated switchgear and transformers in hazardous areas, such as those found in the oil, gas, and petrochemical industries. The manufacturing of Elastimold equipment adheres to international standards set by IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission), ANSI/IEEE (American National Standards Institute/Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers), and CENELEC (European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization). Elastimold offers several specialized devices for specific applications: Separable Elbow Connectors and Accessories: These are load-break connectors that provide a convenient means of connecting and disconnecting cables and equipment in power distribution systems. Load-break elbows are designed for energized operation using standard hot-stick tools, enabling load make/break operations and providing a visible disconnect. The components can be isolated using insulated caps, plugs, and parking bushings. Metal Oxide Varistor (MOV) Surge Arresters: These arresters are fully shielded and fully-submersible, designed for overvoltage protection. They feature 200 A separable connector interfaces for easy attachment to other Elastimold accessories. Elastimold arresters offer high-voltage protection against lightning and switching surges for transformers, cables, equipment, and other components typically found in underground power distribution systems. Proper placement, voltage selection, and coordination with riser pole arresters can significantly enhance protective margins and minimize damaging surge voltages. Typical applications include installing arresters at the end of a radial system or at both ends of an open point on a loop system, with additional arresters added at strategic upstream locations for optimal protection. Fused Elbows: These combine replaceable current-limiting fuses for current protection in OH/OG cable terminations with 200 A separable connector interfaces for compatibility with other Elastimold accessories. Raychem is another commonly recognized brand in the field of cable splicing and termination equipment. Terminations for GIS (Gas Insulated Substations) When the available space for substation installation is limited or environmental conditions are extremely harsh, a Gas Insulated Substation (GIS) is often the preferred solution. GIS is a compact, multi-component assembly housed within a grounded metallic enclosure. It contains bus bars, circuit breakers, isolators, and instrument transformers, with compressed sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) gas serving as the primary insulation medium, ensuring reliable phase-to-ground insulation. While GIS are typically installed indoors, outdoor models are also available. GIS units are equipped with cable termination enclosures where cable terminations are installed. According to IEC Standard 60859, both the enclosures and cable terminations must meet specific dimension requirements to ensure interchangeability. Cable terminations for GIS are suitable for gas, oil-paper, and XLPE-insulated cables and share many components with the cable joints previously discussed. Features of GIS Cable Terminations The main features of GIS cable terminations include: Cable Lug: Facilitates the connection between the cable conductor and the termination. Box Body: Typically made of aluminium alloy or a similar material, providing structural support and protection. Reliable Support Insulator: High-grade, non-tracking epoxy insulators offer excellent mechanical and electrical properties. These insulators are compatible with SF6 gas by-products, ensuring a long service life for the termination. Their design also allows for an optional cable shield break. Filling Compound: Such as transformer oil, polybutene oil, or similar substances, which help in insulation and stress relief. Stress Control Cone with Bundle Tape: Manages electrical stress at the cable insulation-termination interface. Rigid Cable Support: The connector is securely locked in place by a threaded hood at the top of the support insulator. This design ensures that the electrical connection between the GIS and the termination is not subjected to mechanical forces from the cable. Positive Sealing System: A double "O" ring sealing system is employed to seal the termination oil compartment from the GIS SF6 compartment. Fully retained gaskets are compressed to prevent the ingress of atmospheric elements into the termination interior. Earthing Clamp: Provides a secure connection for earthing purposes. Figure 4 illustrates a schematic of a GIS cable termination. Some models available on the market do not require the use of oil, eliminating the need for an oil housing. Sealing, Connection, and Installation Requirements for GIS Cable Terminations Sealing System The sealing system of GIS cable terminations is of paramount importance and must be meticulously designed. Its primary function is to prevent the leakage of oil or gas into the GIS. A compromised seal could lead to insulation failures, gas loss, and potential safety hazards. By ensuring a robust and reliable sealing mechanism, the integrity of the GIS environment and the overall electrical system is maintained. Mating Connection Piece The GIS supplier is responsible for providing a mating connection piece that is specifically designed to be fitted to the cable end. This component is crucial for establishing a secure and electrical connection between the cable and the GIS. The precise design and compatibility of the mating connection piece are essential to ensure seamless integration and optimal performance of the cable-GIS interface. Isolation and Testing Facilities To guarantee the safety and reliability of the electrical system, proper facilities must be provided to safely isolate a feeder cable. This isolation capability is necessary during maintenance, repairs, or fault-finding operations. Additionally, provisions should be made to connect a high-voltage test cable to either the GIS or the cable itself. These testing facilities enable routine inspections and diagnostic tests to assess the condition of the cable and the GIS, helping to identify potential issues before they escalate into major problems. Required Tools and Accessories for GIS Termination Installation For the successful installation of GIS cable terminations, a specific set of proper tools and accessories is indispensable: Panduit Pliers: These pliers are specifically designed for installing bundle tape around the stress cone. The accurate application of the bundle tape is crucial for managing electrical stress and ensuring the long-term reliability of the termination. Circlip Pliers: Used for the installation of the top fitting, circlip pliers provide the necessary grip and precision to secure this important component in place. Adapter Flange: The adapter flange plays a key role in facilitating the connection between different components, ensuring a proper fit and alignment within the GIS termination system. Top Fitting Removal Kit: This kit is essential for maintenance and repair operations, allowing for the safe and efficient removal of the top fitting when required. Re-assembly Kit: The re-assembly kit contains all the necessary components and hardware to put the termination back together after maintenance or repairs, ensuring that all parts are replaced correctly. Earthing Kit: An earthing kit is vital for establishing a secure electrical connection to the ground, which is essential for the safety of the electrical system and personnel. Screen Connection: The screen connection ensures the proper grounding and shielding of the cable, reducing electromagnetic interference and enhancing the overall performance of the cable-GIS system.
