Fararko Daga Tausayi na Aiki da Turanci na Iya Karamin Aiki

Amsa da tattaunawa masu karkashin shirya na tsarin shirya na jama'a, yawancin zafi da tasiri suna da darasi mai yawa, wanda ya fi shi babbar hankali a yi rashin tabbacin da za su iya samar da shi a kan al'adun maimaita. An amfani da muhimmanci instrument transformers, ciki har zuwa current transformers (CTs) da potential transformers (PTs), don in kawo waɗannan darasi zuwa abubuwan da za su iya samar da shi a kan al'adun maimaita, wanda yake taimaka waɗannan maimaita a yi rashin tabbacin da za su iya samar da shi.

Muhimmiyar Transformer?

Transformer ita ce ƙaramin kwamfi da ta nuna muhimmin ƙwarewa daga wurin zuwa wurin bayan da ake amfani da mutual induction. Yana ƙunshi biyu na coils da suka shiga ne a kan ƙwarewar magana amma suna da gudummawa a kan ƙwarewar sauran mutane—primary da secondary—wanda an sanya su don in inganta tsari da tasiri biliyan da ba a yi lissafin frequency ba. Transformers suna da muhimmin ƙwarewa a wurare da dama, ciki har zuwa power transformers, autotransformers, isolation transformers, da instrument transformers. Daga cikinsu, current transformers da potential transformers suna da muhimmin ƙwarewa ga rashin tabbacin da za su iya samar da shi a kan high currents da voltages a kan tsarin shirya.

Current Transformer (CT)

Current transformer (CT) ita ce instrument transformer wanda ya kawo high currents zuwa low levels, wanda yake taimaka waɗannan maimaita a yi rashin tabbacin da za su iya samar da shi a kan al'adun maimaita. Ana sanya shi don in tabbata high-current flows a kan tsarin shirya.

Current transformer (CT) ita ce step-up transformer wanda ya kawo primary current zuwa low level, amma ya zama secondary voltage, wanda ya kawo high currents zuwa few amperes—levels measurable by standard ammeters. Ya kamata, secondary voltage can become extremely high, wanda ya bukata strict operational rule: the CT secondary must never be left open-circuited while primary current is flowing. CTs are connected in series with the power line carrying the current to be measured.

Potential Transformer (PT/VT)

Potential transformer (PT, ko kuma voltage transformer da ake kira VT) ita ce instrument transformer wanda ana sanya don in kawo high voltages zuwa safe, measurable levels for standard voltmeters. As a step-down transformer, it converts high voltages (ranging up to hundreds of kilovolts) to low voltages (typically 100–220 V), which can be directly read by conventional voltmeters. Unlike CTs, PTs feature low secondary voltages, allowing their secondary terminals to be safely left open-circuited without risk. PTs are connected in parallel with the power line carrying the voltage to be measured.

Beyond voltage reduction, a potential transformer (PT) provides electrical isolation between high-voltage power lines and low-voltage measurement circuits, enhancing safety and preventing interference in the metering system.

Types of Potential Transformers

There are two primary configurations:

• Conventional Electromagnetic Transformer

• Relies on traditional magnetic coupling between primary and secondary windings.

• Challenges: High-voltage applications require extensive insulation, leading to significant costs and bulk due to the need for robust dielectric materials.

• Capacitive Potential Transformer (CPT)

• Employs a capacitor voltage divider circuit to first reduce the high voltage before it reaches the transformer.

• Advantages: Minimizes insulation requirements and cost by leveraging capacitive voltage division rather than relying solely on transformer windings, making it more suitable for extra-high-voltage (EHV) systems.

Comparison between Current Transformer and Voltage or Potential Transformer