چۆن پرینسیپی کارکردنی ڤۆلتمێتر و ئەلەکترۆمێتر جیاواز دەبن

Voltmetre û electroscope, yane encamên ji bo pêşbazkirina derceyên elektrîkî, di ser çavkanîna wan û karberdara wê de girîng dikarin.

Çavkanîna voltmetreyê

Voltmetre dema ku hewce ye di navbera du xalde yên dergendeyê de potential difference (voltage) bipeşbikin. Çavkanîna we ya voltmetreyê li ser electromagnetic induction û têkiliya current ne. Voltmetrên herkolîn a magnetoelectric voltmeter û digital voltmeter in.

1. Magnetoelectric Voltmeter: Ev cûr û voltmetre voltage bi mafanîn current bipeşbikin. Dema ku current di koyeyê de voltmetreyê de rêve, torque di magnetic field de bîne, ku pointer bidefekin. Angle of deflection directly proportional to the current, û wa lê current directly proportional to the voltage, angle of deflection of the pointer magnitude of the voltage reflect bikin.

2. Digital Voltmeter: Ev cûr û voltmetre voltage analog signals into digital signals convert kirin. Analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) commonly used to convert voltage signals into digital form, which is then displayed on a screen.

Çavkanîna electroscopê

A static meter (also known as a potential difference meter or pointer electroscope) is an instrument used to measure potential difference, but it operates differently from a voltmeter. The working principle of a static meter is based on electrostatic induction and the interaction of charges.

1. Electrostatic Induction: Metal ball û metal rod of the electroscope capacitor form din. When a charged object is brought near the electroscope, charges are induced on the metal ball and rod, causing the needle to deflect.

2. Charge Interaction: Deflection of the pointer in an electroscope is due to the mutual repulsion of like charges. When a charged object is brought near, the induced charge causes the pointer to deflect, and the angle of deflection is directly proportional to the potential difference.

Main Differences

Measurement Method:

The voltmeter indirectly measures voltage by measuring current.

The electrostatic meter measures the potential difference directly through electrostatic induction and charge interaction.

Structure and Design:

• Voltmeters typically consist of a coil and a magnetic field, generating torque through the flow of current.

The electroscope, on the other hand, consists of a metal ball and metal rod, which generate charge through electrostatic induction, causing the needle to deflect.

Application Scenarios:

• Voltmeters are suitable for measuring voltages in circuits, especially in dynamic circuits.

• Electrostatic meters are suitable for measuring static electric fields and are often used to demonstrate electrostatic phenomena and measure potential differences.

In summary, there are significant differences between the working principles, structural designs, and application scenarios of voltmeters and electroscopes. Voltmeters measure voltage by measuring current, while electroscopes measure potential difference through electrostatic induction and charge interaction.