Mga Pagtindog aron Iwasan ug Bawason ang mga Panganak sa Kuryente
Pangkalahatang Pautang sa Pagpapaliguan sa mga Instalasyon ng EHV, HV, ug MVPara sa mga instalasyon sa Extra High Voltage (EHV, kung sa dihe V≥150) kV), High Voltage (HV, may 60 kV ≤V < 150kV), ug Medium Voltage (MV, adunay 1 kV < V < 60) kV), kinahanglan nga isipon ang usa ka set sa pangkalahatang pautang sa pagpapaliguan. Ang mga pautang niini nagprioritisa sa pisikal nga proteksyon sa lugar, mahimong mapaghatag ang mga aspeto sama sa pag-abli sa gamit, kasama ang mga basic nga prinsipyong nagpapahibalo sa operasyon ug maintenance sa tanang electrical apparatus.Ang pagpakumpita sa tanang nahimong batas, panintiha nga regulasyon sa kompanya, ug ang nasodnong ug internasyonal nga pamantayan dili mahimo mopili, lalo na sa kwentas sa integridad sa gamit ug pag-ensure sa kalusugan ug seguridad sa mga tawo. Kini nga buhata nga pagpakumpita nagtagbo sa reliable, efficient, ug secure nga operasyon sa high - voltage electrical systems, minimiza ang mga risco na naka-associate sa electrical hazards ug potential nga equipment failures.
Pangkalahatang Pautang sa Pagpapaliguan para sa mga Instalasyon ng EHV, HV, ug MVPara sa mga instalasyon sa Extra High Voltage (EHV, kung sa dihe V≥150kV), High Voltage (HV, may 60 kV ≤ V < 150 kV), ug Medium Voltage (MV, may 1 kV < V < 60kV), kinahanglan ang usa ka stringent nga set sa safety protocols. Ang mga pautang niini naglakip sa iba't ibang aspeto, gikan sa pisikal nga proteksyon sa lugar sa instalasyon hangtod sa maayo nga operasyon ug maintenance sa electrical equipment.
Pag-install sa Indoor Equipment
Ang indoor electrical equipment kinahanglan nga nahimutang sa mga locked room nga accessible lamang sa mga awtorisadong personal. Kini nga hakbang nag-ensure nga ang sensitive ug potensyal nga hazardous nga equipment mag-remain secure ug wala sa abilidad sa mga unauthorized individuals.
Core Installation and Operational Principles
Understandability and Maintenance: Electrical installations should be designed for ease of comprehension and routine upkeep. This allows maintenance staff to quickly identify components, troubleshoot issues, and perform necessary repairs efficiently.
Low - Voltage Equipment Preference: Whenever feasible, equipment operating at reduced voltages (≤ 25 V in humid or wet environments; ≤ 50 V in general) should be utilized. Lower voltages significantly reduce the risk of electric shock, enhancing overall safety.
Reinforced Insulation: Employing equipment with reinforced insulation provides an additional layer of protection against electrical leakage and accidental contact with live parts.
Enclosure Protection: Adequate protection levels, indicated by IP (Ingress Protection) and IK (Impact Resistance) codes, must be ensured for all equipment enclosures. These codes define the equipment's resistance to dust, water ingress, and physical impacts.
Earthing: All metallic structures within the installation must be properly earthed. Earthing serves as a crucial safety measure, providing a low - resistance path for fault currents to dissipate into the ground.
Live Part Isolation: Any unenclosed live metallic parts must be segregated using fences or equivalent barriers to prevent accidental contact by personnel.
Workspace Provision: Sufficient space must be allocated around switchboards to facilitate safe movement and access for personnel during operation, maintenance, and emergency situations.
Qualified Personnel: Only specialized personnel, equipped with appropriate tools, should undertake any work on electrical installations. This ensures that tasks are performed safely and in accordance with established standards.
Emergency and Fire Safety
Sa event sa sunog:
Power Shutdown: The power supply must be immediately cut off.
Alarm and Response: Personnel should promptly raise the alarm, don protective masks against toxic gases, and initiate smoke extraction procedures.
Containment: Close all doors, windows, and openings to prevent the spread of fire.
Firefighting: Use appropriate portable extinguishing equipment, such as ABC powder or CO₂ fire extinguishers, to combat the fire.
Work Procedures on Electrical Installations
When performing work on electrical installations, employees must adhere to strict regulations that comply with relevant laws, official standards, and internal company procedures:
De - energization and Earthing: The specific section of the installation under work must be de - energized and properly earthed to eliminate the risk of electric shock.
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Workers must be equipped with full PPE, including protective clothing, helmets, safety glasses, dielectric footwear, and insulation gloves. An insulation mat should be placed at the work site for added protection.
Work Area Isolation: The working area must be clearly demarcated using barriers, tapes, fences, or similar devices to prevent unauthorized entry.
Post - Work Checks: After completing the work and before re - energizing the system, it is essential to verify that all tasks have been executed correctly and that all personnel are aware of the impending power restoration. Only the designated work supervisor is authorized to reconnect the power.
Safety Interlocks
To prevent hazardous incorrect operations that could damage equipment and endanger employees, an interlocking system must be implemented. Common improper maneuvers include:
Operating isolators while circuit breakers are closed (on - load operation).
Closing earthing switches with circuit breakers and/or isolators closed and voltage present.
Closing circuit breakers and/or isolators when earthing switches are engaged.
Activating other circuit breakers when the "circuit breaker failure" protection relay (50BF) is triggered.
There are two primary types of interlocks:
Electrical Interlocking: This mechanism, implemented through "hardware" components like relays and cabling or via "software" controls, prevents unauthorized electrical operation of equipment.
Mechanical Interlocking: Designed to restrict local manual control, mechanical interlocks can be achieved using padlocks, locks, or integrated designs, such as isolators with built - in earthing switches. Many pieces of equipment are equipped with both electrical and mechanical interlocks for enhanced safety.
Protection of Equipment with Accessible Live Parts
All electrical equipment with accessible live parts, such as auxiliary transformers and capacitor banks, must be safeguarded by a locked fence. The fence should be connected to the earth grid, and the access door should be fitted with a micro - switch that trips the protective device if unauthorized entry is attempted. In the case of capacitor banks, a time - delay interlock must be incorporated to ensure the bank is fully discharged before the door can be opened.
Electrical Safety Signs
At EHV, HV, and MV installations, clearly visible electrical safety signs must be posted. These signs should indicate the presence of electrical installations and the associated risk of electrocution. They must be written in the local language and comply with applicable technical standards. Safety signs should be prominently displayed at all fences, electrical equipment compartment doors, metallic towers and structures, switchboards, and battery areas to ensure that all personnel and visitors are aware of potential hazards.
