Differences Between Low Voltage and High Voltage Distribution Rooms

1 Power and Voltage Levels

• Low-Voltage Distribution Room: Typically refers to distribution equipment operating at 1000V or lower, with a focus on 400V rooms fed by 10kV or 35kV station transformers. It has relatively small power capacity and is primarily responsible for distributing electricity to end users, households, and directly connected equipment.

• High-Voltage Distribution Room: Encompasses distribution equipment with higher voltage levels, usually 6kV to 10kV. It features larger power capacity and manages energy distribution across broader areas.

2 Applications and Functions

• Low-Voltage Distribution Room: Widely deployed in industrial enterprises, public buildings, and residential complexes, its core role is to transmit electricity from high-voltage substations to various user-end devices. With a simple structure, lower power, and reduced current density, it ensures high supply reliability, serving as a critical link in the power system.

• High-Voltage Distribution Room: Commonly found in substations or industrial power distribution systems, its primary function is converting high-voltage electricity to low-voltage for industrial or residential use. It houses diverse equipment—including transformers, switchgear, and instruments—to perform control, protection, measurement, and monitoring tasks.

3 Equipment Characteristics and Safety

• Low-Voltage Distribution Room: While the voltage is relatively low (reducing electric shock risks), hazards persist, such as poor circuit contacts or aging equipment, which may cause short circuits or leakage. To ensure safety, workers must still use protective gear like insulated boots.

• High-Voltage Distribution Room: Characterized by safety, reliability, environmental adaptability, and energy efficiency, it optimizes grid structure, reduces power loss, and improves power quality, enabling efficient energy utilization. Additionally, it operates stably even in harsh environments, ensuring reliable power supply.

4 Other Distinctions

• Voltage Transformation: Low-voltage distribution rooms mainly integrate local incoming switchgear for power distribution, with no voltage conversion. In contrast, high-voltage rooms handle high-voltage power reception and conversion to low voltage, involving input and output bus switchgear.

• Maintenance and Management: Both are vital for power supply stability, requiring rigorous maintenance and management. Routine preventive testing and inspections are necessary to ensure equipment operates normally and power supply remains stable.

In summary, low-voltage and high-voltage distribution rooms differ significantly in voltage levels, power capacity, applications, functions, equipment traits, and safety features. These distinctions allow them to fulfill unique roles in the power system, collectively supporting stable electricity supply.