Lambari na Kwalba ta Tsakiyar Dukkar: Ta'adda, Addinin Da Ita, da Mata Iya Amfani Da Ita
A high pressure sodium vapor lamp is a type of gas-discharge lamp that uses sodium in an excited state to produce light. It is one of the most efficient types of lighting sources and has a long lifespan. It is widely used for industrial lighting and outdoor security areas, such as parking lots and roadways.
Na wani high pressure sodium vapor lamp?
High pressure sodium vapor lamp ita ce rana da aiki a cikin kisan kashi mai tsarki (above 1 atm) da nauci (above 1000 °C) a cikin kashi mai tsarki mai tsohon alumina (PCA). Kashi mai tsarki yana da kungiyar xenon gas, sodium-mercury amalgam, da kungiyoyi a gaba-gabas. Kashi mai tsarki yana a cikin kashi mai ruwa mai tsohuwar nauci ko kuma da kashi mai tsarki mai mutanen da ba suka zama.
Lambu ya aiki ta haka da ake amfani da ballast da igniter don ake magance kungiyoyi, wanda yake ionize xenon gas kuma yake bude arc. Arc yana nauci kashi mai tsarki kuma yake fuskantar mercury da sodium. Mercury vapor yana faruwa a kan birnin safir, sai dai sodium vapor yana faruwa a kan birnin daji. Gabatarwa na biyu na iya sauka faruwa a kan birnin daji-safir da ake kiran kasa ta 2000 K da ake kiran Color Rendering Index (CRI) ta 25.
High pressure sodium vapor lamp yana da muhimmiyar abubuwa mafi inganci saboda:
Luminous efficacy mafi yawa: Yana iya faruwa zuwa 150 lumens per watt, wanda yana duba waɗanda ke faruwa a kan mercury vapor lamps da kuma incandescent lamps.
Tsari mai tsawo: Yana iya damar zuwa 24,000 hours, wanda yana duba waɗanda ke faruwa a kan mercury vapor lamps da kuma incandescent lamps.
Kula mai tsawo: Ba a tabbata ake canza ko ake so kuɗi, wanda yake haɗa cost na aiki da kuma disposal.
Reliability mafi yawa: Yana iya daɗe fluctuations na voltage, vibrations, da nauci mai yawa, wanda yake yi shi daidai a cikin yankunan da ke da harsh conditions.
Amma, high pressure sodium vapor lamp yana da wasu abubuwan da ba su da muhimmiya, kamar:
Color rendering mai karfi: Yana da CRI mai karfi, wanda yake iya kasance colors na abubuwa masu faruwa. Wannan yana ci gaba shi a cikin applications da ke da kyau a kan accuracy na color, kamar retail stores ko museums.
Glare: Yana faruwa a kan birnin mai tsawo da mai yawa wanda yake iya haifar da discomfort ko impairment a kan vision na drivers ko pedestrians. Wannan yana iya daɗe da ake amfani da shielding ko diffusing devices daidai.
Cycling: Yana iya samun cycling ko flickering a lokacin da yake tafi da tsarin aiki ko a lokacin da yake aiki a cikin nauci mai karfi. Wannan yana iya daɗe da ake amfani da ballast daidai ko thermal insulation.
Diagram of High Pressure Sodium Vapor Lamp
Wannan diagram yana nuna abubuwan da suka fiye a cikin high pressure sodium vapor lamp:
Outer glass bulb: Yana mamaye kashi mai tsarki daga damage da kuma thermal shock. Yana kuma filter out harmful ultraviolet radiation from the arc.
Arc tube: Yana da polycrystalline alumina (PCA), wanda yake da resistance to corrosion by sodium vapor. Yana da kungiyoyi, xenon gas, da kuma sodium-mercury amalgam.
Electrodes: Su ne tungsten wire with an emissive coating. Su ne connected to the ballast and the igniter through metal caps.
Xenon gas: Yana amfani da shi a cikin starting gas saboda low ionization potential. Yana kuma contribute to the light output by emitting blue light.
Sodium-mercury amalgam: Yana amfani da shi a cikin main light source saboda high luminous efficacy. Yana zaune a reservoir behind one of the electrodes.
Ballast: Yana electrical device wanda yake regulate the current and voltage to the lamp. Yana kuma provide the high voltage pulse for starting the lamp.
Igniter: Yana electronic device wanda yake generate the high voltage pulse for starting the lamp by superimposing it on the supply voltage.
Applications of High Pressure Sodium Vapor Lamp
High pressure sodium vapor lamp yana amfani da shi a cikin applications da ke da kyau a kan high brightness, long lifespan, da kuma low maintenance, kamar:
Street lighting: High-pressure sodium vapor lamps suna amfani da shi a cikin lighting public streets, highways, bridges, tunnels, da kuma wasu wurare outdoor. Suna ba shi high brightness, long lifespan, da kuma low maintenance. Suna kuma da low glare factor da high color stability over time. Amma, suna da poor color rendering da low visual acuity, wanda yake iya haifar da safety da comfort na drivers da pedestrians.
Industrial lighting: High-pressure sodium vapor lamps suna amfani da shi a cikin lighting various industrial applications, kamar warehouses, factories, workshops, mines, power plants, da stadiums. Suna ba shi high luminous efficacy, high reliability, da high resistance to harsh environments. Suna kuma da high lumen maintenance da low depreciation rate. Amma, suna da poor color rendering da high warm-up time, wanda yake iya haifar da productivity da quality of work.
Horticultural lighting: High-pressure sodium vapor lamps suna amfani da shi a cikin lighting indoor plants da greenhouses. Suna ba shi high photosynthetic active radiation (PAR), wanda yake stimulate growth da flowering of plants. Suna kuma da long lifespan da low energy consumption. Amma, suna da high heat output da low spectral quality, wanda yake iya haifar da health da diversity of plants.
Advertising lighting: High-pressure sodium vapor lamps suna amfani da shi a cikin lighting billboards, signs, monuments, da kuma wasu wurare outdoor displays. Suna ba shi high brightness, long lifespan, da kuma low maintenance. Suna kuma da high contrast ratio da high visibility at night. Amma, suna da poor color rendering da low color temperature, wanda yake iya haifar da attractiveness da readability of the displays.
Comparison of High-Pressure Sodium Vapor Lamp with Low-Pressure Sodium Vapor Lamp
Low-pressure sodium vapor lamp ita ce wani gas-discharge lamp wanda yake amfani da sodium a cikin excited state don ake faruwa light. Yana aiki a cikin kisan kashi mai tsarki (below 0.1 atm) da nauci (below 300 °C) a cikin kashi mai tsarki mai glass wanda yake da sodium vapor da neon gas. Kashi mai tsarki yana a cikin outer glass bulb wanda yake filled with inert gas or vacuum.
Lambu ya aiki ta haka da ake amfani da voltage to the electrodes at both ends of the arc tube, wanda yake ionize neon gas kuma yake bude initial arc. Arc yana nauci kashi mai tsarki kuma yake fuskantar sodium. Sodium vapor yana faruwa monochromatic yellow light with a wavelength of 589 nm.
Low-pressure sodium vapor lamp yana da wasu abubuwan da suka fiye saboda high-pressure sodium vapor lamp, kamar:
Higher luminous efficacy: Yana iya faruwa zuwa 200 lumens per watt, wanda yana duba 30% more than the high-pressure sodium vapor lamp.
Longer lifespan: Yana iya damar zuwa 30,000 hours, wanda yana duba 25% more than the high-pressure sodium vapor lamp.
Lower cost: Yana da lower initial cost da kuma lower operating cost than the high-pressure sodium vapor lamp.
Amma, low-pressure sodium vapor lamp yana da wasu abubuwan da ba su da muhimmiya saboda high-pressure sodium vapor lamp, kamar:
Poorer color rendering: Yana da very low color rendering index of about 0, wanda yake completely distort the colors of the objects it illuminates.
Lower color temperature: Yana da very low color temperature of about 1700 K, wanda yake produce a very warm and dull light.
Larger size: Yana da larger size da weight than the high-pressure sodium vapor lamp.
Cycling: Yana iya samun cycling ko flickering a lokacin da yake tafi da tsarin aiki ko a lokacin da yake aiki a cikin nauci mai karfi.
Environmental and Health Impacts of High-Pressure Sodium Vapor Lamp
High-pressure sodium vapor lamp yana da wasu environmental da health impacts da ke da kyau a duba shi a cikin aiki.
Mercury pollution: High-pressure sodium vapor lamp yana da mercury a cikin components. Mercury ita ce toxic metal wanda yake iya haifar da serious health problems if ingested or inhaled. Mercury yana iya leak from broken or disposed lamps into the soil or water sources, wanda yake iya accumulate in the food chain da kuma affect wildlife and humans. Saboda haka, proper handling and recycling of mercury-containing lamps are essential to prevent mercury pollution.
Light pollution: High-pressure sodium vapor lamp yana faruwa bright and intense light wanda yake iya haifar da light pollution a cikin urban areas. Light pollution ita ce excessive or inappropriate use of artificial light wanda yake iya interfere with natural cycles of light and dark. Light pollution yana iya haifar da astronomy, ecology, human health, energy consumption, da aesthetics.
Ultraviolet radiation: High-pressure sodium vapor lamp yana faruwa small amount of ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the arc. UV radiation yana iya haifar da skin damage, eye irritation, da immune system suppression in humans and animals. UV radiation yana iya degrade some materials, kamar plastics and fabrics. Saboda haka, proper shielding or filtering of UV radiation is necessary to protect the health and safety of the users and the environment.
Electromagnetic interference: High-pressure sodium vapor lamp yana generate electromagnetic interference (EMI) from the ballast and the igniter. EMI yana iya haifar da performance and operation of other electronic devices, kamar radios, televisions, computers, da phones. EMI yana iya interfere with communication and navigation systems of aircraft and vehicles. Saboda haka, proper shielding or filtering of EMI is required to comply with the standards and regulations of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC).
Future Trends and Developments of High-Pressure Sodium Vapor Lamp
High-pressure sodium vapor lamp yana face increasing competition from other types of lighting sources, especially light-emitting di
