Tahadadduka Mai Yadda Ake Karkashar Mafi Tsabta na Generator Circuit Breakers

1. Gaskiya

1.1 Yadda GCB ita ce da Tarihin Abin Da Ta
Yanke da Generator Circuit Breaker (GCB), wanda yake da muhimmanci a matsayin farkon da ke taka shi ne da generator zuwa step-up transformer, ya zama mafi girma a kan tsakanin da ke taka shi ne da kuma fuskantar abin da ta. Ba a gaba da circuit breakers na substation masu sani, GCB yana zama da hankali mai zurfi da abin da take faru daga generator, kamar adadin kiloamperen da suka haifar da hankali. A cikin wasu abubuwan generator, in yi amfani da GCB ya zama muhimmiyar wata a kan tsohon daidaito da generator da kuma nasararrin fuskantar abin da ta.

1.2 Muhimmin Fadada Sistemun Ingantaccen Dukkantar Zabta
Idan dukkanta ta faru a cikin generator ko kuma a kan gabashin da ya fuskanta, abin da take faru za a iya samun rikicin da ta a tunukan shekaru da suka biyu. Idan ba a bai fadada dukkantar zabta, za a iya samun sakamakon da ba a zama a sake gyara, kamar hoton da take faru daga winding, karamin da take faru da kuma sakamakon da take faru daga insulation. Babu tushen 2010 na North American regional grid wanda aka bayyana cewa abubuwan fadada dukkantar zabta suna haifar da rashin gyaran dukkanta ga 300% a lokacin da dukkanta ta faru. Saboda haka, in yi amfani da fadada dukkantar zabta mai yawa a kan tsohon daidaito da abin da ta.

2. Koyarren Masu Yawan Fadada Dukkantar Zabta na GCB
2.1 Takaitaccen da Ma'ana Mai Tsawo na Fadada Dukkantar Zabta
Fadada dukkantar zabta na GCB yana nufin aiki mai yawa da ke taka shi ne don inganta parametron abin da suka faru a cikin wata kafin ya faru dukkanta, kuma ya faru aiki da ke taka shi ne don kammala aiki a cikin waɗannan fadada dukkantar zabta. Ma'anan da suka haifar da su ita ce: kadan, in inganta abin da take faru a kan dukkanta a cikin uku na cycle (60 ms); biyu, in sanin dukkantan da suka faru a cikin generator da dukkanta da suka faru a kan gabashin; da uku, in sanin wurin da dukkanta ta faru don in taimaka waɗannan da suka yi aiki a kan gabashin da suka faru a cikin generator.

2.2 Bayanin Wasu Nau'o'in Dukkanta
Wasu nau'o'in dukkanta suna haifar da: (1) phase-to-phase short circuits, wanda suka haifar da abin da take faru a cikin wata kafin ya faru dukkanta da kuma abin da suka faru a kan imbalance da suka faru a cikin uku phases; (2) single-phase ground faults, wanda suka haifar da voltage offset a cikin neutral-point; da (3) evolving faults, wanda suka faru a kan partial discharge da suka faru a cikin wata kafin ya faru dukkanta da kuma insulation breakdown. Statistikoyin sun bayyana cewa a cikin units da suka haifar da 600 MW, ground faults suna haifar da 67%, wanda ya sa aiki da fadada dukkantar zabta masu inganci.

3. Wasu Nau'o'in Fadada Dukkantar Zabta
3.1 Overcurrent Protection Mechanism
Criterion composite multi-stage ita ce wanda ke taka shi ne don in inganta amsa da suka haifar da gradation: high-speed tripping instantaneous ita ce wanda ke taka shi ne don near-end faults da operation time controlled within 25 ms; definite-time inverse curves ita ce wanda ke taka shi ne don thermal withstand capability of equipment, initiating delayed tripping when current exceeds 1.5 times the rated value continuously; directional discrimination elements effectively prevent maloperation during external faults. Field data from a coastal power station confirmed this mechanism successfully limited short-circuit current duration to 83 ms.

3.2 Differential Protection Mechanism
A fully digital protection scheme is built based on Kirchhoff’s Current Law. Class 0.2S current transformers are synchronously installed at the generator neutral point and the GCB outlet side. When the vector difference between the two sides exceeds the threshold (typically set at 15% of rated current), an internal fault is declared. The latest implementation incorporates a phase-correction algorithm, successfully resolving the 15° phase-angle error caused by distributed capacitive currents.

3.3 Ground Fault Protection Mechanism
For high-impedance grounded systems, zero-sequence directional protection has been developed: zero-sequence voltage components are obtained via dedicated voltage transformers and combined with zero-sequence current to form a directional discrimination matrix. An innovative third-harmonic blocking technique effectively avoids interference from harmonic voltages at the neutral point during normal operation. Field practice shows this mechanism achieves a 98.7% success rate in detecting ground faults with resistance above 10 Ω.

4. Tattalin Fadada Dukkantar Zabta
4.1 Rokin Relays da Control Systems
Modern microprocessor-based protection devices adopt a three-layer architecture: the measurement layer captures waveforms in real time at a 4000 Hz sampling rate; the decision layer employs multi-CPU parallel processing to complete 32 calculations—including Fourier transform and harmonic analysis—within 10 ms; the execution layer uses fiber-optic direct tripping circuits to ensure command transmission delay is less than 2 ms. Critical units commonly implement a “two-out-of-three” voting logic to eliminate single-point failure risks.

4.2 Fault Detection and Rapid Operation Sequence
A typical tripping sequence includes eight key steps: fault current occurrence → secondary signal conversion by current transformers → protection device activation → fault type identification → tripping logic computation → blocking signal verification → energization of the circuit breaker trip coil → arc extinction. Time optimization studies show that using pre-pressurized arc-quenching chambers can reduce total interruption time to 58 ms, a 22% improvement over conventional mechanisms.

5. Kalmomi
5.1 Summary of Key Protection Mechanism Points
Modern GCB protection has evolved into a multi-layered, intelligent defense system: overcurrent protection serves as the foundational layer, differential protection provides precise zone isolation, and ground fault protection strengthens vulnerability coverage. The core breakthrough lies in achieving fault clearance within three cycles while maintaining a false-trip rate below 0.01 times per year. However, it should be noted that protection settings must be re-calibrated every two years according to equipment aging curves.

5.2 Tattaunawa Don Addini Da Amfani Da Su A Gagaban Yadda
An kawo shirin tattaunawa uku: kima, haɗa ingantaccen tattaunawa ta hanyar faduwar abu na gida don samun zan iya bayyana yanayi a kan ±5 mita; biyu, gina alamar addini mai yawan jirgin sama da tsakanin masu aiki ga adadin shekarun da suke aiki; uku, haɗa tattalin arziki na mafi girman abu na gida, a yi amfani da 12 daga cikin abubuwa - ma a nan suna tattalin magance da kayan aiki - don bincike canza a kan mafi girman abu na gida. An tabbatar da waɗannan tattaunawa a kan makaranta mai zurfi, wanda ya sa samun zan iya bayyana yanayi a kan tattalin addini na 99.97%.