Fahimtar da Gudanar da Kwalba a Manyan Ring Main Units na Nitrogen-Insulated

1. Dukkantar Gas

Na bi da na iya kawo dukkantar gas a cikin tashar gas-insulated ring main units mai kyau don hankali kan juna, suna da muhimmanci ga su ita ce dukkantar gas, wanda ya shafi kawai gas da abubuwa na pressure. Kawai gas a cikin nitrogen-insulated ring main units yana faru daga baya-bayan alama da kuma noma-noman kowace. Tushen bayanai sun nuna cewa kusan 65% na dukkantar kawai gas suna da shakka da O-ring da ta rage, kuma 30% suna faru daga ba daidaito a yi noma. Kawai gas ba tana haɗa da kyauwar zuba ko kuma tana iya haifar da abubuwan masu inganci a kansu mai karfi. Idan kashi na nitrogen yana fi tsakiyar oxygen a cikin yawan gida zuwa miliyan 19.5%, za a faru asphyxiation, wanda yake tsaftace kalmomin adalci.

Abubuwan pressure suna da muhimmanci ga dukkantun da bi, wanda ya shafi kawai solenoid valve ko kuma baya-bayan alama. Pressure na operance a cikin nitrogen-insulated ring main units ana ci gaba da 0.12 da 0.13 MPa, amma pressure na absolute ba zai iya kadan 0.2 MPa. Idan pressure ta fito da 90% na rated value (yana da ma'ana 0.11 MPa), kyauwar zuba na system ta ci waɗanda, saboda haka an buƙata da sauran kawai ko maintenance. A kansu mai karfi, dielectric strength na nitrogen ta faru da "hump phenomenon", inda abubuwan pressure da insulation strength ke da shiga linear ne a cikin electric fields na uniform ko slightly non-uniform, wanda yana haɗa da pressure control a gani mai karfi.

Don hankalin dukkantar gas, modern eco-friendly ring main units suna da muhimmiyar gas monitoring systems, masu sensors na pressure, gas leak detectors, da humidity monitoring modules. Misali, wireless sensing technology tana iya haɓaka multi-dimensional real-time monitoring na temperature, pressure, leakage, da moisture content a cikin gas chamber, wanda yake haɗa da fault warning capabilities. Bayanai sun nuna cewa installing such monitoring systems tana iya koyar da dukkantar kawai gas fault rates zuwa 75% kafin karamin lokaci, kuma koyar da equipment maintenance cycles zuwa 3-5 shekaru.

2. Dukkantar Electric Field

Partial discharge da breakdown wadanda suka faru daga distribution na electric field ta gane ta shafi dukkantar na bi a cikin tashar gas-insulated ring main units. Wannan ya shafi saboda dielectric strength na nitrogen tana da kashi na kudu ɗaya daɗi SF₆ gas. A cikin electric fields na non-uniform, kyauwar zuba na nitrogen tana ci gaba, wanda yake haifar da discharge phenomena.

Muhimman dukkantar electric field sun haɗa da discharges a cikin bushing connection screws, electric field distortion a cikin flanges, da surface flashovers a cikin insulators. Tushen bayanai sun nuna cewa maximum electric field intensity a cikin fault points masu nan tana da 5.4 kV/mm, wanda tana fiye da limits na safety. Misali, installing shielding covers a cikin bolt heads tana iya koyar da electric field intensity zuwa 2.3 kV/mm, wanda yake haɗa da risk na discharge.

Sababon dukkantar electric field suna da uku: kima, low insulation strength na nitrogen (kudu ɗaya daɗi SF₆), wanda tana buƙata da electric field design masu kyau; sifa, internal structure na gas chamber ta gane ta shafi, wanda tana iya faru da electric field concentration points; da uku, compact design na eco-friendly ring main units, wanda tana da air distance da aka fiye da conductors da phases ko ground ba tare da 125 mm, wanda tana fiye da over 350 mm a cikin SF₆-insulated units, wanda yake haɗa da electric field control da muhimmanci.

Don hankalin electric field issues, ya kamata a yi optimization a design. Adopting equipotential insulation sleeves da kuma optimizing bushing shapes and flange designs through electric field simulation tana iya koyar da risk na partial discharge. Da kuma, increasing electrode fillet radii (R angles) da kuma using round busbars tana iya koyar da electric field non-uniformity coefficient. A lokacin mulkin, ya kamata a tabbatar da surface electric field strength na live parts da insulators tana da standard requirements, musamman a cikin partial discharge control na epoxy resin components.

3. Dukkantar Saboda Heat Dissipation Issues

Uku na dukkantar masu muhimmanci a cikin tashar gas-insulated ring main units tana shafi overheating saboda heat dissipation na bi. Heat dissipation performance na nitrogen tana da kashi na kudu ɗaya daɗi SF₆ gas, wanda tana haifar da heat dissipation capacity a kansu mai karfi. Idan current ta kudan 2100 A, heat dissipation capacity na nitrogen-insulated ring main units tana fito, wanda tana iya haifar da aging da kuma failures a cikin insulation materials da connections.

Muhimman dukkantar heat dissipation sun haɗa da overheating a cikin cable joints, temperature rise a cikin busbar connections, da carbonization a cikin insulation materials. Misali, severe accident wanda ya faru daga burning a cikin cable joint tana samun analysis, wanda tana nuna cewa an faru daga poor installation practices da kuma heat dissipation na bi. A lokacin mulki, overheating tana haifar da decline a cikin performance na insulation materials, wanda tana haifar da vicious cycle, wanda tana samun short circuits ko explosions.

Sababon heat dissipation issues suna da uku: kima, thermal conductivity na nitrogen tana da kashi na kudu ɗaya daɗi SF₆, wanda tana haifar da thermal conductivity; sifa, compact design na eco-friendly ring main units tana haifar da space na gas chamber, wanda tana haifar da natural convection cooling; da uku, heat generated a lokacin high-load operation tana da rashin effective dissipation, wanda tana haifar da localized temperature increases.

A shekarun da ya ƙara, wasu innovative solutions sun faru don hankalin heat dissipation issues. Radiative cooling coatings tana iya koyar da surface temperature na ring main units zuwa 30.9°C a ranar, wanda tana da mechanical properties, aging resistance, da corrosion resistance. Developed intelligent cooling and dehumidification devices, through the coordinated operation of fans and dehumidifiers, tana iya koyar da ring main unit temperatures zuwa 40% da humidity zuwa 58%, wanda tana haɗa da insufficient heat dissipation problems. Da kuma, optimizing gas chamber ventilation design da kuma using high-thermal-conductivity insulation materials suna da muhimmanci a cikin improvement methods.

4. Dukkantar Mechanical Components

Na bi da na iya kawo dukkantar mechanical component a cikin tashar gas-insulated ring main units, suna da muhimmanci ga su ita ce operating mechanism jamming, transmission part wear, da seal component aging. Ba sai gas chamber sealed design tana haɗa da impact na humid environments a cikin mechanical components, amma sealing da take da zaman tana iya haifar da internal moisture accumulation, wanda tana haifar da reliability na operating mechanism.

Muhimman dukkantar mechanical faults sun haɗa da failure to open or close, spring jamming, da wear of transmission shaft pins. Misali, multiple cases na operating mechanism jamming saboda aging na mechanical components suna faru, wanda tana shafi long periods of inactivity ko kuma insufficient maintenance. A cikin eco-friendly equipment, mechanical faults tana iya faru daga compact internal space na gas chamber da complex component layout.

Sababon mechanical faults suna da uku: kima, sealing da take da zaman tana haifar da lubrication state na operating mechanism; sifa, compact design tana haifar da installation difficulty da kuma maintenance complexity na mechanical components; da uku, eco-friendly equipment tana buƙata da mechanical strength masu kyau don hankalin gas chamber deformation risks.

Optimizing lubrication strategies tana da muhimmanci a cikin addressing mechanical component faults. It is recommended to use polyurea-based greases (such as Kl grease), which offer excellent high and low-temperature adaptability (-40°C to +120°C), arc resistance, and long service life (over 10 years). Additionally, regular maintenance (e.g., grease replacement every 3 years) and avoiding incompatible lubricants (such as calcium-based or sodium-based greases) are also important measures to prevent mechanical faults.