Antiferroelectricity

Wani shi ne abu mai sauƙi da ke gudanar antiferroelectric materials. Amma waɗannan su ne abubuwa da suka da ions da suke zama mai sauƙi ba tare da takardun gwamnati (spontaneous polarization). Saboda haka, dipoles suka fi sanya ko kula da matsayin yadda aka baka. Yana nufin cewa, masana ɗaya zai kasance a tsakiyar maza. Electric field ya fi shiga phase transition a wannan abubuwa. Wannan phase transition ya samu babban pattern strain da ƙarin lafiya. Antiferroelectricity ta da mu'amala da ferroelectricity. Su ɗaukar ɗaya da ɗaya. Don haka muna iya magana cewa ferroelectricity tana da shi wanda yake sauƙe tsari. Tare da kan tsarin gwamnati da aka bayar za a iya ɗaukara yadda ake baka. Saboda haka, farkon da ya faru shine yadda ake baka dipoles. A ɗaya zai baka a tsakiyar maza, amma na biyu zai baka a cikin ɗaya. Antiferroelectric property tana da ƙaramin da ferroelectric property a kungiyar plain cubic.

Dukkan macroscopic spontaneous polarization a antiferroelectric material tana da zero. Sabubbon haka shine cewa dipoles da suka da mutum suka ɗaukacce. Wannan abu tana iya haifi ko zama ba tare da wasu parametere. Parametere sun hada da gwamnati na musamman, takarda, hanyar zafi, tsari, da sauransu. Antiferroelectric property ba tana da piezoelectric. Yana nufin cewa ba tana samu ƙarin lafiya a cikin abubuwan da ake yi. Waɗannan abubuwa tana da dielectric constant mai yawa. Dipole orientation of this material tana da ita da pattern na chess board wanda aka baka a nan.

Misaunan abubuwan da suka da antiferroelectric properties sun hada da:

• PbZrO3 (Lead Zirconate)

• NH4H2PO4 (ADP: Ammonium dihydrogen Phosphate)

• NaNbO3(Sodium Niobate)

Antiferroelectricity and Temperature

Abu mai sauƙi da ke gudanar antiferroelectric tana zama ba tare da tsari mai yawa. Ana kiran wannan a matsayin Antiferroelectric Curie point. Abubuwan da suka da su da kuma curie temperature suka baka a Table no.1. Dielectric constant (relative permittivity) da yake da ƙarin da take da ƙarin da wannan Curie point tana duba. Wannan an yi don first and second order transition. A second order transition, dielectric constant tana da ita daidai a cikin Curie point. Duka a biyu, dielectric constant ba tana da ƙarin da yawa ba.

Double Hysteresis Loop

Hysteresis loop of a perfect antiferroelectric material tana da ita kamar yadda aka baka a Figure 2. Reversal of spontaneous polarization of these materials tana ba double hysteresis loops. Gwamnati da ake bayar tana da low frequency AC field.

Application of Antiferroelectricity

• Super capacitors

• MEMS Application

• Used in integration with ferromagnetic materials

• High energy storage devices

• Photonic application

• Liquid crystal etc.

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