Ayyuka da Amfani da Bore-bore na Tsakiyar Maimaita a Kungiyoyi

A haka, mafi yawan amfani da kalmomin siffofin jirageni na tushen gagaraduwa. Kudin kalmomin siffofin jirageni na tushen gagaraduwa ya shafi da suka shafi da abubuwan operation da maintenance game da suna cewa wani abu ne a kan abubuwa. Ba a tabbatar da wani hanyar addinin kalmomin siffofin jirageni ba a kan abubuwan operation da maintenance.

Amma, darajarun fahimtata da abubuwan operation da maintenance suna da shugaban da ya faruwa, wanda ya haɗa da ingantaccen abubuwan cewa. Wannan hada da shugabanci ya haɗa da ingantaccen abubuwan cewa. Wasu masana'antu da mutane suna yi aiki a kan wasu masana'antu, kamar yin neman abubuwan ruwa a kan siffofin jirageni ko kuma yin neman mai sauƙi na siffofin jirageni. Suna amfani da komputawa don kontrol, neman, da kuma fitowa bayanai don kawo alama da kare ruwa daga siffofin jirageni.

1. Tashin Yadda Ake Nuna Haliyar Fanni
1.1 Bincike na Siffofin Jirageni na Tushen Gagaraduwa da Masana'antu na Turai
A lokacin da ke biyu, a cikin littattafai da ayyuka a kan turai, an yi neman abubuwan ruwa a kan siffofin jirageni ta zama aikin da ake amfani da shi da kullum, da ma ake amfani da shi, da ma ake amfani da shi don nuna haliyar siffofin jirageni. Amma, wannan hanyar bai iya nuna haliyar siffofin jirageni a cikin addini, kuma kuma bai iya nuna cewa abubuwan kalmomin siffofin jirageni ya ƙara da muhimmanci.

Masana'anta MR ya baye waɗanda suke da aikin da take da hakan, suna amfani da hukumar humidity-sensing don nuna haliyar siffofin jirageni, suna amfani da siffofin jirageni mai zurfi (non-indicating type). Na'urorin da ake amfani da shi sun haɗa da: sensoron humidity suka sauya idan an yi shi a kan humidity mai yawa (condensation into water droplets), siffofin jirageni mai zurfi bai iya nuna cewa an yi shi a kan kalmomin siffofin jirageni, da kuma har da tsarin dehydration/regeneration bai iya nuna cewa an yi shi a kan kalmomin siffofin jirageni.

ABB tana baye waɗanda suke da aikin da take da hakan, da suke da tsarin dual-tube. A lokacin da ake amfani da shi, an yi electromagnetic valve don kofin tube da konservatorin tushen gagaraduwa, idan kuma an yi tube na biyu don dehydration da regeneration. Amma, saboda kyaukkyaukansu, miyartarren da kaɗansu, da kuma kyautarren da kaɗansu, bai iya amfani da shi a kan kalmomin siffofin jirageni na biyu.

1.2 Bincike na Siffofin Jirageni na Tushen Gagaraduwa da Masana'antu na Duniya
Wasu masana'antu na duniya sun yi aikin da take da hakan, suna amfani da hukumar online weighing measurements don nuna models na siffofin jirageni, kuma suna amfani da hukumar heating dehydration. An yi fuzzy control theory don nuna air drying da scientific dehydration. Don haka, suna amfani da ruggedized military-grade microprocessors da VxWorks operating system, da kuma sensing and actuation components da dukkan da suka da kyau, wanda ya zama cewa an yi shi a kan kalmomin siffofin jirageni, wanda ya samu karin adadin work efficiency da safety, da kuma in samu karin kyaukkyaukansu na power supply systems.

1.3 Biyu na Hukumomi na Replacing Traditional Breathers
Ba a tabbatar da wani hukumomi na power industry don impact of replacing silica gel in main transformer breathers on Buchholz (gas) protection. Idan ake yi replacement, an yi heavy-gas protection don “trip” to “alarm” mode, amma an yi disagreement don how to reconfigure the protection after replacement.

Wani hukumomi ce cewa replacing the breather’s silica gel may cause false tripping of the gas protection; therefore, after replacement, the transformer should undergo 24 hours of trial operation (with heavy-gas protection set to alarm) before switching back to trip mode.

Hukumomi na biyu ce cewa once silica gel replacement is complete, there is no further impact on heavy-gas protection, so the protection should be immediately restored to trip mode.

Currently, a certain power supply company adopts the following procedure: before replacement, they request dispatch approval to switch the heavy-gas protection link from trip to signal mode; after completion, they request dispatch approval again to restore it to trip mode. They verify that one terminal of the heavy-gas protection link carries –110V while the other is voltage-free before re-engaging the link.

1.4 Haliyar Amfani na Siffofin Jirageni na Tushen Gagaraduwa
Power supply company currently uses two types of breathers: detachable organic glass canisters and non-detachable canisters. For detachable breathers, the replacement process demands high precision from operators regarding procedures and screw torque; otherwise, the organic glass is easily damaged. The entire process is time-consuming, and repeated replacements often lead to poor sealing at joints, allowing unfiltered moist air to enter the conservator and potentially cause transformer oil moisture ingress.

Non-detachable breathers avoid these issues but present another problem: the small filling opening causes silica gel spillage during replacement, polluting the environment.

Among the company’s 64 substations, silica gel was replaced 178 times in 2015, totaling 541 kg. Replacement frequency increases significantly during the rainy season due to high humidity, requiring substantial manpower and material resources. In mountainous areas, risks such as road collapses and rockfalls during the rainy season further increase transportation hazards.

2. Working Principle of Maintenance-Free Transformer Breathers
The JY-MXS series maintenance-free breather is installed on the conservator of oil-immersed transformers. When transformer oil expands or contracts due to load or ambient temperature changes, gas in the conservator passes through the desiccant inside the maintenance-free breather, removing dust and moisture from the air to maintain the insulation strength of the transformer oil.

Ba daɗi cikin lokacin rike, idan an kula mai yawa, zafiya ta fi sani ya fara funta ita don kawo yawan mai. Ita ce ta shahara da filtar canister, glass tube, main shaft, load cell (weight sensor), temperature/humidity sensors, heating element, control board, da silica gel.

Idan an tana air, tana taka rawa a kan filter mesh na metal sintered wanda ke cire abinci. An taka air na da suka duba a kan drying chamber, inda yawa ce ta yi takarda a kan desiccant.

Yawan samun yawa na silica gel ta tabbatawa a kan load cell na breather. Idan samun yawa ta fi gaba a kan tsarin da aka fadada, carbon fiber heating elements na drying chamber suna fara funta don kawo yawan mai daga desiccant. Wannan steam ta taka rawa a kan convection, tana taka rawa a kan filter mesh, tana taka rawa a kan glass tube, tana taka rawa a kan metal flange na baya, tana taka rawa daga breather.

Idan humidity sensor ta kashe, timer controller na control box ya tabbatar da funta cikin tsari masu fadada, wanda ya ba da iya a yi amfani da ita a cikin lokacin da ba a yi babbar yanayi ba.

3. Amfani da Transformer Breathers Mai Ba Da Yanayi
Shirin kasa ta sa JY-MXS series maintenance-free breathers a cikin on-load tap changers (OLTC) da main bodies na No. 1 main transformers a biyu na substation 110 kV (Substation A da Substation B).

Ba da duk lokacin da take da rike:

• A Substation A, No. 1 main transformer ta buƙaci da zero replacements ga silica gel don OLTC da main body breathers. Amma, No. 2 main transformer ta sami 5 main-body breather replacements (15 kg total) da 6 OLTC breather replacements (6 kg total).

• A Substation B, No. 1 main transformer ta buƙaci da zero replacements. Amma, No. 2 main transformer ta sami 3 main-body replacements (9 kg) da 5 OLTC replacements (5 kg).

Bayanan rike da spot checks sun nuna cewa dukkan functions na maintenance-free breathers sun yi aiki a cikin hukuma. Idan silica gel ta samu samun yawa na musamman, heater ta fara funta karkashin bayanin sensor don kawo yawan mai daga beads. Kuma, tare da tafiya bayanai na weight data na six months, controller ta kafa pattern na moisture absorption da ya yi amfani da hybrid strategy combining weight-based and timed control, wanda ya kawo karfin alama, ya ci gaba da automation, da kuma ya ba da fa'idar ekonomi da jama'a.

4. Kalmomin
A halin, amfani da maintenance-free breathers a cikin on-load tap changer da main body na transformers a cikin substations ta iya ba da:

• Funta cikin tsari masu fadada don kawo yawan mai daga silica gel,

• Remote real-time monitoring via communication functions,

• Self-diagnostic capabilities for easier maintenance.

Wannan features sun nuna cewa maintenance-free breathers zai iya kawo karfi da traditional systems, zai iya taimakawa a haɓaka needs na transformer moisture absorption, da kuma ya iya yi aiki a cikin lokacin da ba a yi babbar yanayi ba. Kuma, saboda an kula replacement da silica gel, mahaifin kan gas protection settings bayan replacement ta shafi.

Amfani da maintenance-free breathers ta ba shirin kasa da iya aiki a kan conditions online, ya samu bayanan aiki na equipment a baya, da kuma ya yi preventive measures bayan an samu failures—kawai transformers za su iya yi aiki a cikin full load idan akwai risks na baya. Wannan ta kammala gap na traditional breathers' inability to support online monitoring.

Kuma, yana kawo karfi da labor costs da routine inspection expenses, ta taimaka waste recycling, da kuma ya kawo karfi da risk of major accidents caused by minor accessory failures. Wannan ta ba da iya a yi amfani da maintenance activities a cikin tsari mai ma'ana, ya kawo karfi da unnecessary expenditures, ta ba da iya a yi sustainable and safe transformer operation, da kuma ya iya samun goals of increased productivity, efficiency, safety, and environmental protection.