Processus Generationis Potentiae Photovoltaicae Causae et Solutiones Communes Defectuum

1. Brevis Introductio ad Processum Generationis Photovoltaicae

Processus operationis generationis photovoltaicae est ut sequitur: Primum, singulae panes solares serie iunguntur ad modulos photovoltaicos formando, et moduli per combiner boxes parallelo disponuntur ad array photovoltaicum formando. Energia solaris convertitur in currentem directum (DC) per array photovoltaicum, et deinde in currentem alternatum (AC) tricurvum per inverter tricurvum (DC - AC) convertitur. Postea, auxilio transformatoris step-up, convertitur in AC quod requisiti publici grid repondeat et directe ad publicum grid pro usu aequipmentis electricorum et dispatching remoti iungatur.

2. Classificatio Commonium Operationis Faultorum in Generatione Photovoltaica
2.1 Operationis Faulta Stationum Step-up

Operationis faulta stationum step-up praecipue includunt faultas lineae transmissionis, faultas bus, faultas transformatorum, faultas switch high-voltage et equipmentorum auxiliarium, et faultas deviceorum protectionis relais.

2.2 Commonia Operationis Faulta in Areatibus Photovoltaicis

Operationis faulta in areatibus photovoltaicis maxime causantur constructione et installatione irregulari, ducendo ad faultas panelarum solarium, stringarum, et combiner boxorum; vel faultas causatas ab installatione et commissioning impropria inverterorum, sicut faultas equipmentorum auxiliarium transformatorum step-up; et faultas formatas ex negligentia inspectionis personale et non detexit tempore hidden dangers.

2.3 Communicationis et Automationis Faulta
Communicationis et automationis faulta non praesentia affectant generationem potentiae equipmentorum, sed inconvenientia adferunt analysis operationis, detectioni et eliminationi defectuum equipmentorum. Possunt quoque facere ut equipmenta non operari possint remote, creantes hidden dangers pro productione secura. Si non serio accipiuntur, probabile est ut expansionem accidentium inducant.

2.4 Faulta Causata Regionibus et Environmentis

Talia faulta praecipue manifestantur ut: subsidentia fundamentorum terrae molles ducunt ad deformationem equipmentorum et difficultatem operationis, et insufficiens distantia securitatis ducit ad grounding electricum et circuitus breves; salino spray corrosit equipmenta electrica, et vapor aquae evaporatione ducit ad blockage shedding et degradationem insulationis equipmentorum; animalia parva intrant equipmenta electrica et faciunt circuitus breves, etc.

3. Analyse Causarum Commonium Faultarum

Theoretice, omnia accidentia et majora faulta praeventi possunt, sed in praxi, accidentia securitatis productionis potentiae adhuc saepius occurrunt, et faulta et defectus equipmentorum sunt communia. Rationes sunt ut sequitur:

• In initio designandi, praecipue in projectis photovoltaicis early, sunt defectus congeniti. Quia processus generationis photovoltaicae simplex et intuitivus est, constructio semel festinata fuit, et perfecta experientia referendi deerat.

• Festinatio periodi constructionis facit ut stricta control technica managementis team constructionis difficilis sit, et processus et specificationes constructionis standardibus non respondet, reliquens hidden dangers pro operatione posteriori.

• Non est matura inspectio operationis, itaque difficile est identificare qualitatem supplierum equipmentorum, resultans in malam fidem et altam ratem failure equipmentorum in operatione.

• Qualitas personarum non potest consequi developmentum. Plurimi operationis et maintenance personnelis photovoltaici sunt novi employees, discendo dum laborant; quaedam enterprises veteres employees a thermicis plantis "train new employees with old employees" reliant, et novi employees deficiunt in operationis analysis, abnormal detection, defect elimination, et capabilitybus handling accidentis.

4. Solutiones

Solutiones technicae pro commonibus operationis faultis plantarum photovoltaicarum sunt ut sequitur:

• Ab origine incipe, et in initio designandi, fac planum designandi completum, detailatum, scientificum et optimatum cum situ actuali loci conjunctum.

• Strengthen totam processum infrastructurae managementis, strictim revide review qualificationis, et diligenter attende qualitati processus et specificationibus.

• Strictim control accessum equipmentorum, et resolute extra ostium unqualified equipment prohibe.

• Strengthen educationis sensus responsibilitatis personarum et cultivationem capabilityrum technicarum. Implementando haec 4 puncta, effectiva reducere incidenciam commonium faultarum possumus.

4.1 Commonia Faulta et Handling Stationum Step-up

Faulta stationum step-up generalia electricalia faulta sunt, et principia et methodi handling similis sunt pro enterprise diversorum typorum generationis potentiae. Praecipue, power failure busbar et tripping lineae faciet totum locum sine potentia esse pro single-bus single-circuit step-up station; pro projectis photovoltaicis, inverter oportet insular protection initiare et cessare operationem. Operation and duty personnel oportet:

• Confirm factory power supply, inspect input standby power supply, et ensure normal operation DC et system communicationis.

• Verify action protection devices, clarifica type action, et analyse possibilitatem faultarum.

• Inspect primary system, find fault point, cooperate cum dispatch, take safety measures to eliminate defects, et restore operation quamprimum.

4.2 Commonia Faulta et Causae in Areatibus Photovoltaicis

Inductiones operationis faultarum in areatibus photovoltaicis praecipue sunt ut sequitur:

• In constructione infrastructurae, installation et wiring panelarum solarium non firma est, quidam connectors non special connectors utuntur, screws in combiner box non tight sunt, et blocking incomplete vel mala qualitas est.

• Installation et commissioning equipmentorum non serio et in loco fit. Installation, wiring, et commissioning inverterorum et transformatorum step-up diversis personis responsa sunt, et unificata coordinatio desideratur, ita ut faulta frequentius occurrant.

• Faulta causata characteristicis regionalis environmentis, sicut salino spray in littoralibus flatibus corrodens equipmenta, faciens pollution flashover cables et insulatorum, degradationem insulationis, et short circuits equipmentorum.

• Faulta causata longa operatione manifestantur ut laxes causatae rotatione et vibratione equipmentorum, sicut faulta cooling fans transformatorum et inverterorum, laxatio limit locking grid door box transformer, et laxatio fastening screws et terminal rows combiner boxorum.

4.3 Preventio Commonium Faultarum in Operatione Photovoltaica

Faulta stationum step-up vel equipmentorum in areatibus photovoltaicis omnia ad electricalia equipmenta pertinent. Pro preventione, oportet:

• Implement requirement infrastructure serves production, et ensure quality et nullam hidden dangers relinquere in constructione.

• In operatione, active implement technicam supervisionem, et take preventive measures in advance secundum characteristics situs.

• Strengthen educationis sensus responsibilitatis personarum et cultivationem capabilityrum analysin problematis.

4.4 Phenomena et Handling Commonium Faultarum in Operatione Photovoltaica

Post commissioning et trial operation equipmentorum in area photovoltaica normaliter, difficult-to-detect faulta saepe occurrunt in sectione ab panelarum solarium ad combiner box. Non sunt obvia phenomena in initio, sed continua power loss est. Clamp ammeter uti potest ad measuring operating current cuiusque string, find out faulty string, et deinde inspect whether it is fuse problem, solar panel fault, or problem such as damage to connection line of string, et handle it in a timely manner.

4.4.1 Combiner Box Faults

Common faults of combiner boxes include blockage shedding, communication module faults, and grounding heating and even fire caused by loosening of terminals and screws.
The on-site handling is mainly inspection. During the "spring inspection", the blockage is repaired, and the terminal screws of the combiner box are tightened, which can basically relieve the heating problem in summer.

4.4.2 Inverter Faults

Inverter faults often manifest as shutdown and inability to self-start, mostly occurring in the initial stage of commissioning; after the running-in period, most of them are heat dissipation faults (overtemperature), or accessory damage and software faults.
The key to prevention and handling of inverter faults lies in daily cleaning of the filter screen, ensuring heat dissipation, strengthening the inspection of cooling fans, and timely repairing and replacing when abnormalities are found.

4.4.3 Step-up Transformer Faults

The technology of transformers is mature, and the failure rate of dry-type transformers is extremely low under normal conditions. Common faults include improper blocking leading to the entry of small animals, cooling fan faults, and loosening of the locking of the safety grid door of the main body. In coastal areas and fishery-solar complementary projects, the cable heads, cables, and lightning arresters of the high-voltage switches of step-up transformers are the key inspection items. Once a fault occurs, it will cause the entire collection line to stop operating.
The prevention and handling of step-up transformer faults still rely on daily inspection in place and timely implementation of technical supervision work to prevent problems before they occur.