Sistem Din Tafiya

Takaitaccen da Dukkan Fasalin Tsarin Kirkiro

Tsari na fasalin uku shi ne wanda an yi amfani da kisan kirkiro uku. A wannan hanyoyin, tsafta mai tsaro yana gudana a wasu kisan kable uku, sannan kisa mai sarrafa (neutral) yana zama yanayin da tsafta mai gabashin ya shiga rayukansu don tabbatarwa. Kuma za a iya bayyana shi a matsayin tsari na fasalin uku da ke amfani da kisan kable uku don ingantaccen kirkiro, tasiri, da kuma tattara. Kuma za a iya yi amfani da tsari na fasalin uku a matsayin tsari na fasalin ta haguwa da ke amfani da fasalin baka daya da kisan neutral. A tsari na fasalin uku mai kyau, sum of the line currents is precisely zero, and the phases are separated by an angular displacement of 120º.

Tsari na fasalin uku na biyu ake amfani da kisan kable uku: kisan kable uku da ke gudana tsafta mai tsaro da kisan neutral. Yawanci, sautin kisan kable neutral yana da adadin na yadda yake da kisan live wires. Tsafta a cikin kisan neutral yana da muhimmanci ga vector sum of the line currents of the three phases. Mathematically, it is equivalent to √3 times the zero - phase - sequence component of the current.

Tsari na fasalin uku na da abubuwa masu muhimmanci da dama. Amma da tsari na fasalin ta haguwa, suna bukata kisan kable, wanda yake rage mutane da rasuwar jami'a. Suna ba da tabbacin tasiri da tsafta mai tsaro, wanda yake zama da kyau saboda tsaftar kirkiro. Kuma tsari na fasalin uku suna da damar da suka fi shahara da karfi da nasararrin tasiri da tsafta mai tsaro.

Fasalin uku na kirkiro suna samun a generator, wanda ke samun fasalin uku da sautin sama da frequency, amma fase-shifting by 120º relative to each other. This configuration provides an uninterruptible power supply. In the event that one phase of the system experiences a disturbance, the remaining two phases can continue to deliver power, maintaining essential electrical services. It's important to note that in a balanced three - phase system, the magnitude of the current in any one phase is equal to the vector sum of the currents in the other two phases, adhering to the principles of electrical circuit theory.

A 120º phase difference among the three phases is crucial for the proper and reliable operation of a three - phase system. Without this precise phase relationship, the system is highly vulnerable to damage, which can lead to disruptions in power supply, equipment failures, and potential safety hazards.

Na'urar Hanyoyin Da ake Yi a Tsari Na Fasalin Uku

Tsari na fasalin uku suna da na'urar hanyoyin biyu: star connection and delta connection. Each of these connection methods has distinct characteristics and applications, which are detailed below.

Star Connection

Star connection, also known as the Y - connection, utilizes four wires: three phase conductors and one neutral conductor. This type of connection is particularly well - suited for long - distance electrical transmission. The presence of the neutral point is a key advantage. It serves as a pathway for unbalanced currents, allowing them to flow safely to the earth. By effectively handling these unbalanced currents, the star connection helps maintain the overall balance of the electrical system, reducing the risk of overloading and ensuring stable power delivery over extended distances.

In a star - connected three - phase system, two distinct voltage levels are available: 230 V and 440 V. Specifically, the voltage measured between a single phase conductor and the neutral is 230 V, while the voltage between any two phase conductors amounts to 440 V. This dual - voltage characteristic makes the star connection versatile for various electrical applications, catering to both low - voltage domestic and higher - voltage industrial requirements.

Delta Connection

The delta connection, in contrast, employs only three wires and lacks a neutral point, as illustrated in the figure below. One of the defining features of the delta connection is that the line voltage is identical to the phase voltage. This configuration simplifies the electrical setup in certain scenarios, particularly when the absence of a neutral wire is acceptable and when the system design benefits from the direct equivalence of line and phase voltages.

Connection of Loads in Three - Phase Systems

In a three - phase electrical system, loads can be connected in either a star (Y) or delta (Δ) configuration. These two connection methods have distinct electrical characteristics and applications. The diagrams below illustrate how three - phase loads are connected in both the delta and star arrangements, providing a clear visual representation of their structural differences and electrical behaviors.

In a three - phase electrical system, the load can be categorized as either balanced or unbalanced. A three - phase load is deemed balanced when the three individual loads (represented by impedances) Z1, Z2, and Z3 exhibit both identical magnitudes and phase angles. Under such balanced conditions, not only do all the phase voltages maintain equal magnitudes, but the line voltages also share this characteristic of being equal in magnitude. This symmetry in voltage and impedance values results in a more stable and efficient electrical operation, minimizing power losses and ensuring uniform distribution of electrical energy across the system.