Din Yadda Electromagnetism Ya Bayarwa

Haka zai iya tafi kalmomin electromagnetism - Electromagnetism ita ce karamin fizikin da ake bincike a cikin abubuwa na 'yan hukuma mai kan mutanen da suka samun kula. Hukumar electromagnetism yana aiki a kan electromagnetic fields da aka sanya daga electric fields da magnetic fields, kuma ita ce maimakon electromagnetic radiation kamar light.

Me wanda ya samar electromagnetism?

A shekarar 1820, dan ilimin Danish, Hans Christian Oersted, ya samar cewa jirgin compass da aka karɓi a cikin conductor da ke gudan shiga ido za a kasa. Idan gudan shiga ta saurara, jirgin compass ya ji haɗinsa. Wannan samun muhimmanci ya nuna alaka a kan electricity da magnetism wanda ya zama babban aiki a kan electromagnet da manyan abubuwan da ake amfani da su a kan lissafin zamani.

Oersted ya samar cewa magnetic field ba ta da alaka da conductor da electrons ke gudan shiga saboda an yi wa copper wanda ba a magana. Electrons da ke gudan shiga wire sun fi magnetic field a kan conductor. Saboda magnetic field take aiki a kan charged particle, yadda da current flow yake da yake, yadda da magnetic field yake da yake. Figure 1 tana bayyana magnetic field a kan current carrying wire. A series of concentric circles around the conductor represent the field, which if all the lines were shown would appear more as a continuous cylinder of such circles around the conductor.

Fig. 1 - Magnetic field formed around a conductor in which current is flowing.

Idan current flow ta cikin conductor, lines of force za a duba a kan ita. [Figure 10-26] Idan small current ke gudan shiga conductor, za a duba line of force da ke gudan shiga circle A. Idan current flow ta ƙarin, line of force za a ƙarin zuwa circle B, kuma idan current flow ta ƙarin, za a ƙarin zuwa circle C. Idan original line (circle) of force ta ƙarin zuwa circle B, line of force gaba za a faru a circle A. Idan current flow ta ƙarin, number of circles of force za a ƙarin, ƙarin outer circles daga surface of the current carrying conductor.

Fig. 2 - Expansion of magnetic field as current increases.

Idan current flow ta steady nonvarying direct current, magnetic field ta zama stationary. Idan current flow ta saurara, magnetic field ta saurara da magnetism a kan conductor ta saurara.

Compass needle tana amfani a kan bayyana direction of the magnetic field around a current carrying conductor. Figure 3 View A tana bayyana compass needle positioned at right angles to, and approximately one inch from, a current carrying conductor. Idan ba a gudan shiga current, north seeking end of the compass needle tana nuna tsakiyar magnetic pole. Idan current ke gudan shiga, needle tana nuna tsakiyar radius drawn from the conductor. Saboda compass needle tana ne small magnet, with lines of force extending from south to north inside the metal, it will turn until the direction of these lines agrees with the direction of the lines of force around the conductor. As the compass needle is moved around the conductor, it will maintain itself in a position at right angles to the conductor, indicating that the magnetic field around a current carrying conductor is circular. As shown in View B of Figure 3, when the direction of current flow through the conductor is reversed, the compass needle will point in the opposite direction, indicating the magnetic field has reversed its direction.

Fig.3 - Magnetic field around a current-carrying conductor.

A method used to determine the direction of the lines of force when the direction of the current flow is known, is shown in Figure 4. If the conductor is grasped in the left hand, with the thumb pointing in the direction of current flow, the fingers will be wrapped around the conductor in the same direction as the lines of the magnetic field. This is called the left-hand rule.