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We have various bridges to measure inductor and thus quality factor, like Hay’s bridge is highly suitable for the measurement of a quality factor greater than 10, Maxwell’s bridge is highly suitable for measuring medium quality factor ranging from 1 to 10, and Anderson bridge can be successfully used to measure inductor ranging from few micro Henry to several Henry. So what is the need for Owen’s Bridge?.The answer to this question is very easy. We need a bridge that can measure the inductor ove

What is Maxwell BridgeA Maxwell Inductance Capacitance Bridge (known as a Maxwell Bridge) is a modified version of a Wheatstone bridge which is used to measure the self-inductance of a circuit. A Maxwell bridge uses the null deflection method (also known as the “bridge method”) to calculate an unknown inductance in a circuit. When the calibrated components are a parallel capacitor and resistor, the bridge is known as a Maxwell-Wien bridge.The working principle is that the positive phase angle of

Anderson’s BridgeLet us understand why there is a need for Anderson’s bridge though we have Maxwell bridge and Hay’s bridge to measure the quality factor of the circuit. The main disadvantage of using Hay’s bridge and Maxwell bridge is that they are unsuitable for measuring the low-quality factor.However, Hay’s bridge and Maxwell bridge are suitable for measuring accurately high and medium quality factors respectively. So, there is need of bridge which can measure low-quality factor and this bri

Before we introduce Kelvin Bridge, it is very essential to know what is the need of this bridge, though we have Wheatstone bridge which is capable of measuring electrical resistance accurately (usually an accuracy of around 0.1%).To understand the need of Kelvin bridge we must first recognize 3 important ways to categorize electrical resistance: High Resistance:Resistance that is greater than 0.1 Mega-ohm. Medium Resistance:Resistance that ranges from 1 ohm to 0.1 Mega-ohm. Low Resistance:Under

Wheatstone BridgeFor measuring accurately any electrical resistance Wheatstone bridge is widely used. There are two known resistors, one variable resistor and one unknown resistor connected in bridge form as shown below. By adjusting the variable resistor the current through the Galvanometer is made zero. When the current through the galvanometer becomes zero, the ratio of two known resistors is exactly equal to the ratio of adjusted value of variable resistance and the value of unknown resistan

Blavier’s Test is used to find the earth fault location in an underground cable. The two ends faulty cable are mentioned as sending end and far end respectively as shown in fig 1. In this test, the sending end of the cable must be open and isolated and the resistance between sending end and earth point is measured by keeping the far end isolated from earth and then it measured keeping far end of the faulty cable, shorted to the ground.Suppose, we get, resistance values R1 and R2 in these two sai

This bridge provide us the most suitable method for comparing the two values of capacitor if we neglect dielectric losses in the bridge circuit. The circuit of De Sauty’s bridge is shown below.Battery is applied between terminals marked as 1 and 4. The arm 1-2 consists of capacitor c1 (whose value is unknown) which carries current i1 as shown, arm 2-4 consists of pure resistor (here pure resistor means we assuming it non inductive in nature), arm 3-4 also consists of pure resistor and arm 4-1 co

Before we introduce this bridge let us know more about the uses of mutual inductor in bridge circuits. Now one question must arise in our mind that why we are so much interested in mutual inductance, answer to this question is very simple we will use this mutual inductor in Heaviside bridge circuit. We use standard mutual inductor in finding out the the value of unknown mutual inductor in various circuits. Mutual inductor is used in various circuits as main component in determining the value of

Hay’s bridge is a type of AC bridge circuit that is used to measure the self-inductance of a coil with a high-quality factor (Q > 10). It is a modified version of Maxwell’s bridge, which is suitable for measuring coils with a medium quality factor (1 < Q < 10). In this article, we will explain the construction, theory, phasor diagram, advantages, and disadvantages of Hay’s bridge.What is Self-Inductance?Self-inductance is defined as the property of a coil or circuit that causes it to op

Voltage controlled oscillator (VCO), from the name itself it is clear that the output instantaneous frequency of the oscillator is controlled by the input voltage. It is a kind of oscillator which can produce output signal frequency over a large range (few Hertz-hundreds of Giga Hertz) depending on the input DC voltage given to it.Frequency Control in Voltage Controlled OscillatorMany forms of VCOs are generally used. It can be of RC oscillator or multi vibrator type or LC or crystal oscillator