Free Expert Guides on Power Systems, Circuit Design & Electrical Troubleshooting

1. Brief Introduction to the Photovoltaic Power Generation ProcessThe operation process of photovoltaic power generation is as follows: First, individual solar panels are connected in series to form photovoltaic modules, and the modules are arranged in parallel through combiner boxes to form a photovoltaic array. Solar energy is converted into direct current (DC) by the photovoltaic array, and then converted into three-phase alternating current (AC) through a three-phase inverter (DC - AC). Subs

1. IntroductionDuring power system operation, main equipment faces threats from internal and atmospheric overvoltages. Surge arresters, especially metal oxide arresters (MOAs) with excellent nonlinear volt - ampere characteristics, are key for protection due to their good performance, large current - carrying capacity, and strong pollution resistance. However, long - term exposure to power frequency voltages, along with component quality, manufacturing processes, and external environments, makes

Overhead cables, due to their exposure to external environments, are subject to various influences that can lead to different types of faults. Below are some common types of faults in overhead cables and their causes:1. Mechanical Damage Caused by external forces such as falling trees, vehicle collisions, or construction accidents. Prolonged vibrations or swinging can also cause material fatigue in cables.2. Weather-Related Faults Lightning Strikes: Direct hits or nearby lightning strikes can ca

1 OverviewCases of transformer oil contaminated by microorganisms have been reported both domestically and internationally. Individual transformer manufacturers, user units, and research institutions have conducted specialized studies, but all focused on power transformers. This paper targets specialty transformers for specific applications (e.g., rectifier transformers for graphitization furnaces, submerged arc furnace transformers), exploring the process of microbial contamination of their tra

1 Vibration Monitoring and Fault Diagnosis Technology for High - Voltage Shunt Reactors1.1 Measuring Point Layout StrategyVibration characteristic parameters (frequency, power, energy) of high - voltage shunt reactors are fully recorded in operation logs. For vibration analysis, focus on resolving the complexity of electric field distribution at winding ends. Quantitatively evaluate field - strength distribution under operating/lightning overvoltage and voltage gradient characteristics of longit

1 Principle and Role of Electronic Current Transformers1.1 Working Principle of ECTAn Electronic Current Transformer (ECT) is a key device for managing safe power system operations, converting large currents into manageable small-current signals for measurement and control. Unlike traditional transformers (relying on direct magnetic field interaction between primary and secondary windings), ECTs use sensors (e.g., Hall effect sensors) to detect magnetic field changes from the primary winding. Th

For fault diagnosis and handling of 35kV combined transformers, the following technical means can be adopted:Insulation Fault DiagnosisUse equipment such as high-voltage test transformers, power frequency withstand voltage testers, and partial discharge detection systems to conduct a comprehensive assessment of the insulation performance of combined transformers. When the insulation resistance is found to be lower than 1000MΩ or the dielectric loss factor tanδ exceeds 0.5%, a

Open - Circuit Fault on the Secondary SideOpen - circuit in the secondary side is a typical fault of low - voltage voltage transformers, showing abnormal voltmeter readings (zero/fluctuation), faulty power meters, buzzing noises, and core overheating. When open - circuited, the secondary voltage spikes (no secondary current to balance the primary EMF), causing core saturation, flux distortion, and potential overheating/damage.Causes include loose terminals, poor contact, or human error. In low

1 IntroductionLow - voltage current transformers for metering, with a through - core type epoxy resin structure, are widely used in distribution transformer areas and for small - to - medium - sized industrial and commercial electricity consumption. As a range expander for electric energy metering, their performance directly relates to electricity consumption safety and the accuracy of users' trade calculations. Studying long - term immersion's impact on these transformers is practically signifi

Low-voltage current transformers, as indispensable measurement and protection devices in power systems, often encounter various faults when used in combination with other power equipment due to environmental factors, equipment linkage issues, and improper installation and maintenance. These faults not only affect the normal operation of power equipment but may also endanger personal safety. Therefore, it is necessary to gain an in-depth understanding of fault types, judgment methods, and prevent