Free Expert Guides on Power Systems, Circuit Design & Electrical Troubleshooting

A transformer is a device that transfers electrical energy from one circuit to another by electromagnetic induction. Transformers are widely used in power systems to step up or step down voltages, isolate circuits, and balance loads. Transformers can be classified into different types based on their construction, winding configuration, and vector group.A vector diagram of a transformer is a graphical representation of the phasor relationships between the primary and secondary voltages and curren

Capacitance of a Cylindrical Power CableElectrical Power Cable is a very popular example of cylindrical capacitor. In a power cable, there is a conductor at the center surrounding which there is insulating layer. Outer surface of the cable is generally covered with metallic cover which is grounded.Let us also consider, at any instant due to current in the conductor, the charge of the cable is Q coulomb per meter. The radius of conductor and outer radius of cable are r1 and r2 respectively.Now fo

What is a Ceramic Capacitor?A ceramic capacitor is the most commonly used capacitor in an electronic circuit. A ceramic capacitor is used due to its small physical size and large charge storage capability. The ceramic capacitor gets its name from its use of ceramic as a dielectric medium.We call the ceramic capacitors the “workhorses” of high-frequency capacitors. It is a polarity-less capacitor, and hence no polarity marking is available on the ceramic capacitors unlike the case of an electroly

An electrolytic capacitor is a special type of capacitor which uses an electrolyte for achieving higher capacitance ranging from 1uF to 50mF value, unlike other capacitors. An electrolyte is a solution having a high concentration of ions in it. Aluminium electrolytic capacitor, tantalum electrolytic capacitor and niobium electrolytic capacitor are three class of electrolytic capacitors used. For example in aluminium electrolytic capacitor, two aluminium metal foils are used as electrodes. The al

A parallel plate capacitor is a device that can store electric charge and energy in the form of an electric field between two conductive plates. The plates are separated by a small distance and are connected to a voltage source, such as a battery. The space between the plates can be filled with air, a vacuum, or a dielectric material, which is an insulator that can be polarized by an electric field.What is a Parallel Plate Capacitor?A parallel plate capacitor is defined as an arrangement of two

While capacitor is connected across a battery, charges come from the battery and get stored in the capacitor plates. But this process of energy storing is step by step only.At the very beginning, capacitor does not have any charge or potential. i.e. V = 0 volts and q = 0 C.Now at the time of switching, full battery voltage will fall across the capacitor. A positive charge (q) will come to the positive plate of the capacitor, but there is no work done for this first charge (q) to come to the posi

What is Discharging a Capacitor?Discharging a capacitor means releasing the charge stored within the capacitor. Let’s go over an example where a capacitor is discharged.We connect a charged capacitor of capacitance C farad in series with a resistor of resistance R ohms.We then short circuit this series combination by switching on the push switch as shown.As soon as the capacitor is short-circuited, it starts discharging.Let us assume, the voltage of the capacitor at fully charged condition is V

When a voltage is suddenly applied across a capacitor, which are previously uncharged, electrons shifting from source to capacitor to source start immediately. In other words, accumulation of change in the capacitor starts instantly. As the charge accumulating in the capacitor increases, the voltage developed across the capacitor increases. The voltage developed across the capacitor approaches to supply voltage the rate of charge accumulation in the capacitor decreases accordingly. When these tw

Capacitor in SeriesLet us connect n number of capacitors in series. V volt is applied across this series combination of capacitors.Let us consider capacitance of capacitors are C1, C2, C3…….Cn respectively, and equivalent capacitance of series combination of the capacitors is C. The voltage drops across capacitors are considered to be V1, V2, V3…….Vn, respectively.Now, if Q coulomb be the charge transferred from the source through these capacitors, then,Since the charge accumulated in each capac

Quality Factor of InductorEvery inductor possesses a small resistance in addition to its inductance. The lower the value of this resistance R, the better the quality of the coil. The quality factor or the Q factor of an inductor at the operating frequency ω is defined as the ratio of reactance of the coil to its resistance.Thus for a inductor, quality factor is expressed as,Where, L is the effective inductance of the coil in Henrys and R is the effective resistance of the coil in Ohms. As the un