Free Expert Guides on Power Systems, Circuit Design & Electrical Troubleshooting

What are Photo Electrons?Photoelectron DefinitionA photoelectron is defined as an electron emitted from a material when it absorbs light energy. This emission process is called the photoelectric effect and it provides key evidence for the quantum nature of light and matter. This article will explain what photoelectrons are, how they are produced, factors affecting their emission, and their applications in science and technology.Photoelectric EffectThe photoelectric effect is the process where el

What are Valence Electrons and Electrical Conductivity ?Valence Electrons DefinitionAn atom is made up of a nucleus containing protons and neutrons, with electrons in shells around it. The nucleus is positively charged, and the electrons are negatively charged. Atoms are electrically neutral because they have equal numbers of protons and electrons.Electrons in an atom are arranged in shells based on their energy levels. The closest shell to the nucleus has the lowest energy, while the farthest s

What is an Optoisolator?Optoisolator DefinitionAn optoisolator (also known as an optocoupler or optical isolator) is defined as an electronic component that transfers electrical signals between two isolated circuits using light.Working PrincipleThe input circuit consists of a variable voltage source and an LED. The output circuit consists of a phototransistor and a load resistor. The LED and the phototransistor are enclosed in a light-tight package to prevent external interference.When the input

What is Schottky Effect?Schottky Effect DefinitionThe Schottky effect is defined as a reduction in the energy needed to remove electrons from a solid surface in a vacuum when an electric field is applied. This boosts electron discharge from heated materials and impacts the thermionic current, surface ionization energy, and photoelectric threshold. Named after Walter H. Schottky, this effect is crucial for electron emission devices like electron guns.Thermionic EmissionTo understand the Schottky

What is Short Circuit Protection?Short circuit protection definitionShort circuit protection is an important safety measure to prevent damage or fire caused by short circuit in the circuit. Short circuit protection is usually achieved through protective devices in the circuit that are able to quickly cut off the current when a short circuit is detected to protect other components and personnel in the circuit.Working principleThe working principle of short-circuit protection is based on the conce

Servo Motor DefinitionA servo motor is defined as a motor that operates on the principle of a servomechanism, crucial for precise position control.Robotics ApplicationsOne of the most popular applications of servo motors is in robotics. For example, a pick and place robot uses servo motors to pick an object from one position and place it in another. This precise movement is essential for the robot’s functionality.Now, in order to pick an object from position A and place it in position B the moto

What is a Servo Motor Controller ?Servo Motor Controller DefinitionA servo motor controller (or servo motor driver) is defined as a circuit used to control the position of a servo motor.Servo Motor Driver CircuitThe servo motor driver circuit includes a micro-controller, power supply, potentiometer, and connectors, ensuring precise motor control.Micro-controller RoleThe micro-controller generates PWM pulses at specific intervals to control the servo motor’s position accurately.Power SupplyThe po

What is a Servomechanism?Servomechanism DefinitionA servomechanism is an automated control system designed to maintain system output at a desired level using feedback loops.ComponentsThe system includes a controlled device, an output sensor, and a feedback system to monitor and adjust the device’s performance.Servo Motor BasicsA servo motor consists of a small DC motor equipped with a gear system and a potentiometer for precise control.Working Principle of Servo MotorA servo motor is basically a

What is Braking?Braking DefinitionBraking is the process of reducing the speed of a rotating machine, either mechanically or electrically.Types of BrakingBrakes are used to reduce or cease the speed of motors. We know that there are various types of motors available (DC motors, induction motors, synchronous motors, single phase motors etc.) and the specialty and properties of these motors are different from each other, hence this braking methods also differs from each other. But we can divide br

What is a Static Bypass Circuit?Static bypass definitionStatic bypass is an important part of the UPS system. Its main function is to switch the load from the UPS output path to the path directly powered by the mains when the UPS system fails or needs to be maintained.Working principleA static bypass typically consists of a set of bidirectional Thyristors that can be turned on or off quickly in milliseconds, allowing for seamless switching between the load and the UPS output. In normal working m