Free Expert Guides on Power Systems, Circuit Design & Electrical Troubleshooting

Digital Data DefinitionDigital data in control systems consists of discrete or sampled data that represents continuous signals in a digital format.Sampling ProcessSampling is the conversion of analog signals to digital signals using a sampler, which switches ON and OFF.The sampling process converts analog signals into digital signals using a switch, called a sampler, that turns ON and OFF. For an ideal sampler, the output pulse width is very small (almost zero). In discrete systems, Z transforma

What is Mobile Substations ?Mobile Substation DefinitionA mobile substation is a portable power distribution system used for temporary or emergency power supply.ComponentsIncludes transformers, cooling systems, switchgear, metering systems, protection relaying systems, auxiliary power supplies, surge protection, and cable connections.Types of Mobile Substations Compact and modular mobile substations Skid-mounted substations Containerized substations Rail-wagon substationsBenefits Offers mobility

What is a Servo Motor Controller ?Servo Motor Controller DefinitionA servo motor controller (or servo motor driver) is defined as a circuit used to control the position of a servo motor.Servo Motor Driver CircuitThe servo motor driver circuit includes a micro-controller, power supply, potentiometer, and connectors, ensuring precise motor control.Micro-controller RoleThe micro-controller generates PWM pulses at specific intervals to control the servo motor’s position accurately.Power SupplyThe po

How Electrical Drives are Controlled ?Electrical Drives DefinitionElectrical drives are systems that control the operation of electric motors, including starting, speed control, and braking. Importance of ControlControlling electrical drives is essential to prevent damage from sudden changes in voltage or current.Closed Loop ControlControl systems can be open loop or closed loop control system. In an open loop control system, the output does not affect the input, making the control independent o

Contents Working Principle of Synchronous Machine Using Chopper Further Development of Synchronous Machine Using Chopper Conclusion of Synchronous Machine Using ChopperKey learnings: Excitation Control Definition: Excitation control is defined as managing the DC field excitation in a synchronous machine to control its performance. Working Principle: The working principle of a synchronous machine using a chopper involves stepping up the voltage and controlling it through PWM signals to achieve th

Contents Working Principle of Synchronous Machine Using Chopper Further Development of Synchronous Machine Using Chopper Conclusion of Synchronous Machine Using ChopperKey learnings: Excitation Control Definition: Excitation control is defined as managing the DC field excitation in a synchronous machine to control its performance. Working Principle: The working principle of a synchronous machine using a chopper involves stepping up the voltage and controlling it through PWM signals to achieve th

Synchronous Motor DefinitionSynchronous motors are defined as constant speed motors that run at the synchronous speed of the supply. They are typically used for constant speed operations and to improve the power factor under no load conditions. Synchronous motors also have fewer losses compared to induction motors of the same rating.The speed of a synchronous motor is given byWhere, f = supply frequency and p = number of poles.The synchronous speed depends on the supply frequency and the number

Pneumatic timer circuit

Lamp timer circuit

The pay phone fee timer circuit