Free Expert Guides on Power Systems, Circuit Design & Electrical Troubleshooting

In daily operations, various equipment defects are inevitably encountered. Whether maintenance personnel, operation and maintenance staff, or specialized management personnel, all must understand the defect classification system and adopt appropriate measures according to different situations.According to Q/GDW 11024-2013 "Operation and Management Guide for Relay Protection and Safety Automatic Devices in Smart Substations," equipment defects are classified into three levels based on severity an

The line circuit breaker auto-reclosing signal will be locked out if any of the following conditions occur:(1) Low SF6 gas pressure in circuit breaker chamber at 0.5MPa(2) Insufficient energy storage in circuit breaker operating mechanism or low oil pressure at 30MPa(3) Busbar protection operation(4) Circuit breaker failure protection operation(5) Line distance protection zone II or zone III operation(6) Short lead protection operation of circuit breaker(7) Presence of remote tripping signal(8)

1. Power Interruption Problems Caused by RCD False Tripping During Lightning StrikesA typical communication power supply circuit is shown in Figure 1. A residual current device (RCD) is installed at the power supply input terminal. The RCD primarily provides protection against electrical equipment leakage currents to ensure personal safety, while surge protective devices (SPDs) are installed on power supply branches to protect against lightning intrusions. When lightning strikes occur, the senso

1. Function and Significance of Reclosing ChargingReclosing is a protective measure in power systems. After faults such as short circuits or circuit overloads occur, the system isolates the faulty circuit and then restores normal operation through reclosing. The function of reclosing is to ensure continuous operation of the power system, improving its reliability and safety.Before performing reclosing, the circuit breaker must be charged. For high-voltage circuit breakers, the charging time is g

A load switch is a type of switching device positioned between circuit breakers and disconnectors. It features a simple arc extinguishing device capable of interrupting rated load current and certain overload currents, but cannot interrupt short-circuit currents. Load switches can be classified into high-voltage and low-voltage types according to their operating voltage.Solid gas-producing high-voltage load switch: This type utilizes the energy from the breaking arc itself to cause gas-producing

1. Introduction Transmission line faults can be classified into two types based on their nature: transient faults and permanent faults. Statistical data shows that most transmission line faults are transient (caused by lightning strikes, bird-related incidents, etc.), accounting for approximately 90% of all faults. Therefore, after a line is disconnected due to a fault, attempting reclosure once can significantly improve power supply reliability. The function of automatically reclosing a circuit

The existence of multi-point grounding in transformer cores causes two major problems: firstly, it can lead to local short-circuit overheating in the core, and in severe cases, cause localized burning damage to the core; secondly, circulating currents generated in the normal core grounding wire can cause localized overheating in the transformer and potentially lead to discharge-type faults. Therefore, multi-point grounding faults in power transformer cores directly threaten the daily operation o

Reclosing can be categorized into single-phase reclosing, three-phase reclosing, and comprehensive reclosing.Single-phase reclosing: After a single-phase fault occurs on the line, single-phase reclosing is performed. If reclosing occurs onto a permanent fault, all three phases are tripped and no further reclosing attempts are made. For interphase faults, all three phases are tripped without reclosing.Three-phase reclosing: Regardless of fault type, all three phases are tripped followed by three-

On May 7, China's first large-scale integrated wind-solar-thermal-storage comprehensive energy base UHV transmission project—the Longdong~Shandong ±800kV UHV DC transmission project—was officially energized and put into operation. The project has an annual transmission capacity exceeding 36 billion kilowatt-hours, with new energy sources accounting for more than 50% of the total. After commissioning, it will reduce carbon dioxide emissions by approximately 14.9 million tons annually, contributin

Currently, China has achieved certain accomplishments in this field. Relevant literature has designed typical configuration schemes for grounding fault protection in nuclear power plant low-voltage distribution systems. Based on the analysis of domestic and international cases where grounding faults in nuclear power plant low-voltage distribution systems have caused maloperation of transformer zero-sequence protection, the underlying causes have been identified. Furthermore, improvement suggesti