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What is the Plum Pudding Model?Aplum pudding modelis a historical scientific model of the atom that was proposed by J.J. Thomson in 1904, shortly after he discovered the electron. The model tried to explain two properties of atoms that were known at that time: electrons are negatively charged particles, and atoms have no net electric charge.The plum pudding model suggested that an atom consists of a sphere of positive charge, called the pudding, with electrons embedded in it, like plums in a des

When current flows through an electric circuit, the collision between the electrons and atoms of wire causes heat to be generated. How much heat is generated during current flowing through a wire and on what conditions and parameters do the heat generation depend? James Prescott Joule an English physicist, coined a formula which explains this phenomenon accurately. This is known as Joule’s law. What is Joule’s Law of HeatingThe heat which is produced due to the flow of current within an electric

What is Alternating Current?Alternating current is a fundamental aspect of electrical systems that have shaped our world in countless ways. Its ability to be easily generated, converted to different voltages, and transmitted over long distances has made it the preferred choice for power transmission and distribution. Additionally, the many advantages of AC, such as compatibility with various devices and safety features, have made it indispensable in our daily lives.In the world of electricity, t

In this article, we will explore the concept of the mechanical equivalent of heat, which states that mechanical work and heat can be converted into each other. We will also learn about the experiments and discoveries that led to this idea and how it helped to establish the science of thermodynamics.What is the Mechanical Equivalent of Heat?The mechanical equivalent of heat is a term that describes the relationship between mechanical work and heat. It is defined as the amount of work required to

Wiedemann-Franz law is the law which relates the thermal conductivity (κ) and the electrical conductivity (σ) of a material which consists of somewhat freely moving electrons in it. Thermal Conductivity (κ):It is the degree (measure) of capacity of a material to conduct heat. Electrical Conductivity (σ):It is the degree (measure) of capacity of a material to conduct electricity.In metals; when temperature increases, the velocity of free electrons increases and that leads to an increase in heat t

What is Faraday’s LawFaraday’s law of electromagnetic induction (referred to as Faraday’s law) is a basic law of electromagnetism predicting how a magnetic field will interact with an electric circuit to produce an electromotive force (EMF). This phenomenon is known as electromagnetic induction.Faraday’s law states that a current will be induced in a conductor which is exposed to a changing magnetic field. Lenz’s law of electromagnetic induction states that the direction of this induced current

What is Lenz’s Law?Lenz’s law of electromagnetic induction states that the direction of the current induced in a conductor by a changing magnetic field (as per Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction) is such that the magnetic field created by the induced current opposes the initial changing magnetic field which produced it. The direction of this current flow is given by Fleming’s right hand rule.This can be hard to understand at first—so let’s look at an example problem.Remember that when a

It’s a common misconception that all electricians need to be able to read an electrical meter. Fortunately, this is not the case.If you’re starting as an electrician aspirant or if you’re interested in getting into the trade, then you might want to know how to read a multimeter before reading on.The first thing you’ll notice about a multimeter is that it has two probes sticking out of it, and either one can be used for testing voltage, amperage, or resistance.Both probes must be there because so

What are Fleming’s Left And Right Hand Rules?Whenever a current carrying conductor comes under a magnetic field, there will be a force acting on the conductor. The direction of this force can be found using Fleming’s Left Hand Rule (also known as ‘Flemings left-hand rule for motors’).Similarly if a conductor is forcefully brought under a magnetic field, there will be an induced current in that conductor. The direction of this force can be found using Fleming’s Right Hand Rule.In both Fleming’s l

We know that there is always a static electric field around a positive or negative electrical charge and in that static electric field there is a flow of energy tube or flux. Actually this flux is radiated/emanated from the electric charge. Now amount of this flow of flux depends upon the quantity of charge it is emanating from. To find out this relation, the Gauss’s theorem was introduced. This theorem can be considered as one of the most powerful and most useful theorem in the field of electri