Ayyuka na Circuit Breakers Gude a Gin Zaɓi a Ingancin Hanyar Taimaka da Duk'ar Kisa
I. Gaskiya
A yadda masana'antar ilimi na zamani ta faruwa, al'amuran da ake iya bayyana suna zama hukuma a cikin gaskiyar abubuwan tattalin arziki. A matsayin muhimmin abubuwan kontrollo a cikin takamakon karamin shi'a, mafi girman karamin shi'ar da ake iya bayyana suna zama batun don gaskiyar da al'adun karamin shi'a a cikin takamakon karamin shi'a. Wannan bincike ya nuna mafi girman karamin shi'a na DC da ake iya bayyana wanda ake amfani da tekunologin single-chip microcomputer (SCM), a takaice ake iya amfani da shi a cikin gaskiyar da al'adun karamin shi'a na waqti na rai da karamin shi'a na DC a cikin takamakon karamin shi'a na dukuyi. Saboda haka, wannan karamin shi'a na iya bayyana ta zama daya daga cikin abubuwan da ke tsakanin kamar fadin karamin shi'a na adabin da ake iya bayyana, unitoci na iya gano karamin shi'a mai yawa, da unitoci na iya bayyana alamun, wanda suka sa shi a iya gudanar da abubuwan da za a bukata a cikin karamin shi'a na DC.
II. Tsarin Karamin Shi'a na DC Circuit Breakers
Muhimmin abu a cikin karamin shi'a na DC ita ce karamin shi'a. Idan ake iya bayyana rubutu, yana bukatar wurin karamin shi'a. Amma, babu wurin karamin shi'a na musamman a cikin takamakon karamin shi'a na DC, saboda haka, yana bukatar hanyar ne da za a yi.
Hallin - Tsarin Karamin Shi'a:
Wannan halin ya nuna cewa idan ake fitowa karamin shi'a mai yawa a cikin karamin shi'a, zai aika wurin karamin shi'a na musamman, wanda yake bukata don karamin shi'a. Tsarin da ya nuna shine:
|
Yadda Na Cikin Karamin Shi'a |
Tsari na Abubuwan Da Su Ka Yi |
Gaskiyar Da Karamin Shi'a Ya Faruwa Da Karamin Shi'a |
|
Na Biyu |
Karamin shi'a QF an samu. |
Karamin shi'a na DC ta ba da dukuyi a cikin karamin shi'a tun da QF, wanda yake bukata don gaskiyar da al'adun karamin shi'a. |
|
Na Yanka (A–B short) |
1. Karamin shi'a ya faruwa sosai (dalilin L₁, L₂). |
1. Karamin shi'a I₂ ta faruwa a nan I₁. |
III. Tsarin Takamakon
(1) Moduloci na Gaskiya
Moduloci na gaskiya suna zama sursurin alamun na takamakon na elektroniki, wanda yake bukata don gaskiyar da al'adun karamin shi'a na waqti na rai, da kuma bayyana da gaskiyar da al'adun karamin shi'a na waqti na rai.
Tsarin Bayyana na Alamun:
- Ambaci Alamun: An samu alamun na karamin shi'a tun da shunt da terminali na low-voltage (don inganta karamin shi'a mai yawa) da resistance na non-inductive (don inganta karamin shi'a da karamin shi'a).
- Tsarin Bayyana: Alamun voltage (da amfani da karamin shi'a mai yawa) → Filter circuit (don inganta karamin shi'a) → Isolation amplification circuit (da ake amfani da high-precision linear optocoupler HCNR201, primary-side op-amp LM324, secondary-side op-amp OP07, acting as a DC transformer) → Sample and hold → A/D conversion → Sent to SCM.
- Bayyana na Yanka: Idan karamin shi'a ta faruwa a cikin limitoci, SCM ta ba da alamun da za a samu QF da kuma buzzer alarm.
(2) Tsarin Bayyana na Data na SCM
Babbar Tsarin Bayyana na Yanka:
- Na biyu: Rate of current rise Kᵢ ≤ Kₘₐₓ, karamin shi'a I ≤ Iₘₐₓ.
- Na yanka: Kᵢ > Kₘₐₓ, da kuma I zai iya faruwa a cikin limitoci.
Modeli na Ilimi da Tsarin Bayyana:
Daga ΔU = ΔI · Rբ (shunt resistance),
Kᵥ = ΔU/Δt = Kᵢ · Rբ → Kᵢ = ΔU/(Δt · Rբ).
Al'amuran: Idan ake ambaci Δt, kawai ΔU a nan lokutan biyu zai bukata don gano Kᵢ, wanda yake bukata don inganta floating-point operations da kuma gaskiyar da al'adun karamin shi'a.
Babbar Tsarin Bayyana na Yanka: Idan Uᵢₙ > Uₘₐₓ ko ΔUᵢₙ > ΔUₘₐₓ, SCM ta ba da alamun da za a samu QF.
(3) Hanyoyin Inganta Interference
Saboda cikin karamin shi'a na DC da karamin shi'a mai yawa, an amfani da hanyoyin inganta interference daɗinsu:
|
Dimenshin na Inganta Interference |
Hanyoyin Musamman |
Muhimmanci |
|
Input Signal |
Isolation via linear optocoupler HCNR201 |
Inganta control system daga karamin shi'a mai yawa; inganta interference da kuma inganta damar. |
|
Output Signal |
SCM controls optocoupler switches to drive thyristors in discharge circuit |
Inganta faɗa da signal connection; inganta karamin shi'a mai yawa a cikin control system. |
|
Signal Pre-Channel |
Low-pass filter circuit |
Inganta RF, power frequency, da pulse interference; inganta gaskiyar da al'adun karamin shi'a. |
|
Software Level |
1. Composite digital filtering (median + moving average) |
Inganta data noise, inganta alamun da damar, da kuma inganta program runaway. |
(4) Tsarin Takamakon na Duk
Operating Mechanism – Bistable Permanent Magnet Mechanism:
- Composition: Closing/opening coils, permanent magnets, moving iron core (dashed), housing.
- Operating Circuit: Coils series-connected with pre-charged capacitors (energy source) and thyristors form discharge circuits.
- Action Process: SCM signal → amplified by transistors → controls thyristor gates → during fault, SMC sends opening signal → thyristor conducts → capacitor discharges through opening coil → iron core moves → QF opens. Closing is manually controlled via a switch.
Current Transfer Circuit (Improved Structure):
- Improvement: Replaces spark gap switches with vacuum switches (QF₂), reducing time dispersion.
- Structural Parameters: QF₁ and QF₂ equidistant from pivot O; arm lengths determined based on specific parameters.
- Fault Action: Permanent magnet mechanism energizes → iron core moves down → QF₁ opens, QF₂ closes → capacitor C discharges → arc current in QF₁ crosses zero → arc extinguishes.
IV. Tatsuniyar Takamakon
- Environment: Synthetic Circuit Laboratory, Institute of Power Electronics, Dalian University of Technology.
- Method: Low-frequency AC current simulates DC short-circuit rise; reverse current introduced at peak current.
- Results:
- Current waveform through QF₁ shows reverse current precisely introduced at t₀.
- Reverse current forces zero-crossing, achieves arc extinction, and successfully interrupts short-circuit current.
V. Kashe
Tatsuniyar ya nuna cewa karamin shi'a na DC da ake iya bayyana wanda ake amfani da electronic operating system ta iya samu karamin shi'a na DC a cikin takamakon karamin shi'a na DC, da kuma bayyana da gaskiyar da al'adun karamin shi'a. Wannan hallin zai iya amfani a cikin karamin shi'a na DC kamar dukuyi, subways, DC electrolysis, da electric furnaces.
Muhimman Fasahohin Na Takamakon:
- Real-Time Performance: SCM-based acquisition enables real-time monitoring with strong controllability and minimal time dispersion.
- Rapid Response: Simplified algorithms avoid floating-point operations, reducing response time for quick fault detection.
- Reliability: Bistable permanent magnet mechanism reduces mechanical failures and shortens opening time; improved structure ensures synchronization between interruption and transfer operations.
Wannan hallin na karamin shi'a na DC da ake iya bayyana wanda ake amfani da electronic operating system ta ba da muhimmin gaskiyar da al'adun karamin shi'a, da kuma yana da kyau a cikin amfani a cikin takamakon karamin shi'a na DC na zamani.
