
Ⅰ. Kaunting nga mga Pagkakaiba sa Posisyon ng mga Core Function
1. Recloser: Intelligent Self-Healing Switch
- Essence: Naglalaman ng sistema ng pagpapatigil ng arc, mekanismo ng operasyon, at intelligent control unit. May kakayahan ng sarili nitong deteksiyon ng kaputanan → tripping → time-delayed reclosing → locking.
- Core Advantages:
- Programmable Operation Sequences: Sumusuporta sa customizable na sequences (halimbawa, "one fast + three delayed" o "two fast + two delayed") upang makilala ang mga transient/permanent na kaputanan. Example: Ang unang mabilis na trip ay nag-clear ng transient na kaputanan; ang mga sumusunod na delayed trips ay nakakatuon sa mga fuses.
- No External Control: Ang built-in na current transformers (CTs) at microprocessors ay direkta lamang gumagamit ng line current para sa power, nagsasagawa ng independiyente nang walang relay protection panels.
2. Outdoor High Voltage Circuit Breaker: Basic Interruption Device
- Essence: Tungkol lang sa pagpapatigil ng short-circuit current, depende sa external relays para sa control logic.
- Limitations:
- Fixed operation sequences (halimbawa, "trip → 0.3s → close-trip → 180s → close-trip"), hindi makakapag-adapt sa complex na distribution network protection.
- Nangangailangan ng control cabinets at DC power sources, tumataas ang system complexity at cost.
II. Core Advantages ng Reclosers
1. Mataas na Integration & Intelligence
- Self-Contained Control: Ang embedded na current detection, logic judgment, at line-powered operation ay nagbibigay ng full automation, mininimizing ang manual intervention.
- Advanced Protection Algorithms:
- Inverse-time characteristic curves na precise match sa fuse ampere-second characteristics para sa optimized coordination.
- Optional zero-sequence CT modules na nagpapataas ng ground fault detection accuracy.
2. Leap sa Power Supply Reliability
- Multi-Reclosing Mechanism: 3–4 reclosing attempts (halimbawa, "one fast + three delayed") na nagrestore ng 80% ng transient faults sa unang attempt.
- Rapid Fault Isolation: Kasama ang sectionalizers, naglokalize at naisolate ang mga kaputanan sa ≤30s, bumababa ng outage scope ng 70%+.
- Backfeed Prevention: Tie recloser (QR0) delay-closing logic na nag-iwas ng reverse power flow sa panahon ng substation maintenance.
3. Cost Efficiency & Deployment
- 40% Lower TCO:
- Nag-eeliminate ng relay protection panels, DC screens, at switchroom space.
- Pole-mounted installation (200–300 lbs) kumpara sa breakers na nangangailangan ng 1,800–3,000 lbs + concrete foundations.
- 3× Longer Maintenance Cycles:
- Vacuum/SF₆ types na matatag sa 10,000 operations; maintenance every 3–5 years kumpara sa madalas na spring-mechanism repairs sa breakers.
4. Extreme Environment Adaptability
- Enhanced Weather Resistance:
- Three-phase common tank (SF₆-insulated) na tolerante sa -40°C hanggang 40°C.
- Epoxy-encapsulated split-phase design na angkop sa mines/coastal areas.
- Topology Flexibility:
- Single-phase units para sa rural branches; three-phase assemblies na nagsosolusyon sa neutral grounding issues.
III. Key Parameter Comparison
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Characteristic
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Recloser
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Outdoor HV Circuit Breaker
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Advantage
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Rated Current
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400–1200A (630A mainstream)
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1200–3000A
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Mas ekonomiko para sa light loads
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Short-Circuit Breaking Capacity
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≤16kA (high-end: 25kA)
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20–40kA
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Sumasagot sa most branch-line needs
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Operation Sequence
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Programmable (halimbawa, two fast + two delayed)
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Fixed standard sequence
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Nag-aadapt sa protection strategies
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Control Dependency
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Self-contained (IED-operated)
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Requires external relays
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Simplified system architecture
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Installation
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Pole-mounted
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Ground frame structure
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Space-saving, rapid deployment
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IV. Typical Applications
- Rural/Mountainous Networks:
- Segments long overhead lines (halimbawa, 10kV radial feeders), palitan ang "breaker + protection panel" setups.
- Urban Grid Automation:
- Ring Main Unit (RMU) nodes (QR0 enables automatic load transfer) kasama ang FTU para sa "three-remote" control.
- Special Sites: Oilfields/mines (corrosion-resistant design + anti-theft password function).
V. Limitations & Solutions
- Breaking Capacity Limit: Gumamit ng circuit breakers para sa short-circuit currents >16kA.
- Ungrounded Systems: Magdagdag ng zero-sequence CTs upang mapabuti ang single-phase ground fault detection.