Dead Tank SF6 Circuit Breaker Solution for African Plateau Regions (Ethiopia) Ake IEE-Business na ƙarfin daidaita masu gini mai yawa don kungiyoyin tasa a ƙasar Afirka (Itoophiya)

Project Background​
Ethiopia, located in the East African plateau, has an average altitude exceeding 3,000 meters. In some areas, winter temperatures can drop to -30°C, accompanied by significant diurnal temperature variations (up to 25°C daily) and intense ultraviolet radiation. The local power system faces the following challenges:

1. ​SF6 Gas Liquefaction Risk: Traditional Dead Tank SF6 Circuit Breakers are prone to SF6 gas liquefaction at low temperatures (critical liquefaction temperature ≈ -28.5°C), compromising insulation and arc-quenching performance, potentially causing operational failures.
2. ​High-Altitude Insulation Degradation: Reduced air density weakens external insulation strength, necessitating enhanced insulation levels or specialized designs for Dead Tank SF6 Circuit Breakers.
3. ​High Maintenance Difficulty: Remote areas lack sufficient maintenance resources, requiring Dead Tank SF6 Circuit Breakers to feature long-term maintenance-free capabilities.

​Solution​
To address environmental and technical challenges, the following integrated measures were implemented for the Dead Tank SF6 Circuit Breaker:

1. ​Hybrid Gas Optimization​
   • ​SF6+CF4 Gas Mixture: A 25% SF6 and 75% CF4 blend reduces the liquefaction critical temperature to -60°C, ensuring gas stability for Dead Tank SF6 Circuit Breakers in extreme cold.
   • ​Pressure Control: The Dead Tank SF6 Circuit Breaker’s rated pressure is set to 0.6 MPa (gauge pressure), combined with enhanced sealing to prevent gas leakage at low temperatures.
2. ​Heating and Thermal Insulation System​
   • ​Built-in Heating Strips: A 300W electric heating system is integrated into the Dead Tank SF6 Circuit Breaker body and pressure pipelines, automatically activating below -20°C to maintain gas pressure above the liquefaction threshold.
   • ​Dual-Layer Insulation: The Dead Tank SF6 Circuit Breaker uses an outer UV-resistant composite shell and an inner aerogel layer to minimize heat loss and withstand plateau-level solar radiation.
3. ​High-Altitude Adaptation​
   • ​Enhanced Insulation: The Dead Tank SF6 Circuit Breaker’s lightning impulse withstand voltage is upgraded to 550 kV (vs. 450 kV standard), with extended creepage distance porcelain bushings (31mm/kV).
   • ​Seismic Design: Flexible linkages and shock-absorbing bases are added to the Dead Tank SF6 Circuit Breaker, meeting seismic requirements of 0.3g horizontal and 0.15g vertical acceleration.
4. ​Smart Maintenance Support​
   • ​Online Gas Monitoring: The Dead Tank SF6 Circuit Breaker integrates density relays and micro-water sensors for real-time SF6 mixture pressure and humidity tracking, transmitting data via satellite to central control systems.
   • ​Modular Maintenance: A spring-operated mechanism (e.g., CTB-1 type) extends the Dead Tank SF6 Circuit Breaker’s mechanical lifespan to 10,000 operations, reducing on-site maintenance needs.

​Outcomes​
Since its deployment in 2024, the Dead Tank SF6 Circuit Breaker solution has delivered exceptional performance in Ethiopia’s plateau grid:

1. ​Enhanced Reliability: Hybrid gas and heating systems enable stable operation of Dead Tank SF6 Circuit Breakers at -40°C, reducing failure rates by 85% with zero outages caused by gas liquefaction.
2. ​Lower Maintenance Costs: Annual maintenance frequency dropped from 6 to 1, cutting costs by 30%.
3. ​Environmental Compliance: SF6 usage in Dead Tank SF6 Circuit Breakers decreased by 75%, reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 80% compared to conventional solutions, aligning with the Paris Agreement.

Labarai na Tushen Rike​
Ethiopia, wanda yake a cikin Albasar na Kasa na Afirka, tana da zama mai zurfi da 3,000 mita. A wasu wurare, tafarin kyautar harshe tana iya rage zuwa -30°C, tare da farkon tafarko na rana (zama 25°C kowace rana) da tsohon farazan laseren kwakwalba. Sisteminsa ta kuli da muhimmanci suna da wasu abubuwa masu fuskantar:

1. ​Riskin Farkon SF6 Gas zuwa Liquid: Masana'antar Dead Tank SF6 Circuit Breakers na gadi suna da sakamako suka farkon SF6 gas zuwa liquid a faduwar tafara (na faduwar farkon liquid ≈ -28.5°C), wanda ke tafi jirgin halitta da shiga rayuwa, zai iya haifar da abubuwan da ba su duka ba.
2. ​Farkon Halitta a Zama Mai Zurfi: Tashin hawa ya rage tsakanin, wanda ke rage halittar da take fitowa, zai bukatar halitta masu karfi ko kayayyakin da suke da Dead Tank SF6 Circuit Breakers.
3. ​Muhimmanci na Kayayyaki: Wurare da ba su da adadin mutane da suke da kayayyaki, zai bukatar Dead Tank SF6 Circuit Breakers suka da kayayyakin da suke da tsawon shekaru.

​Bayanan​
Don binciken hanyoyi da abubuwan da suke da kayayyaki, wannan bayanai suka yi wasu abubuwa da suke da Dead Tank SF6 Circuit Breaker:

1. ​Yadda a Yau Da Gas Mai Baka​
   • ​Gas Mai Baka SF6+CF4: 25% SF6 da 75% CF4 suna rage faduwar farkon liquid zuwa -60°C, wanda ke taimaka wa gas a faduwar tafara.
   • ​Nau'in Tsaro: Tsaron Dead Tank SF6 Circuit Breaker an sa ta zuwa 0.6 MPa (tsaron tsaro), tare da tsari mai karfi don kare gas zuwa wajen tafara.
2. ​Nau'in Tsaro da Halitta Tsaro​
   • ​Tsari Mai Tsaro: An samun tsari mai tsaro da 300W a jikin Dead Tank SF6 Circuit Breaker da pipulai, wanda ke faɗa a lokacin da tafara ya rage zuwa -20°C don taimaka wa tsaro gas a faduwar liquid.
   • ​Halitta Tsaro Na Biyu: Dead Tank SF6 Circuit Breaker an amfani da gwaji mai halitta laseren kwakwalba a gaba da halitta tsaro na nanu a cikin don rage mafi yawan laseren tsaro da kuma taimaka wa tsaro gas.
3. ​Tsari Mai Zama Mai Zurfi​
   • ​Halitta Tsaro Masu Karfi: Tsaron halitta tsaro na Dead Tank SF6 Circuit Breaker an rage zuwa 550 kV (tare da 450 kV na tarihi), tare da kayayyakin da suke da tsaro (31mm/kV).
   • ​Nau'in Tsaro: An samun kayayyakin da suke da tsaro da kuma asasai masu halitta tsaro a Dead Tank SF6 Circuit Breaker, wanda ke taimaka wa tsaro tsaro 0.3g a tsari mai yawan da 0.15g a tsari mai goma.
4. ​Tsari Mai Kayayyaki Mai Inganci​
   • ​Bayanin Gas Online: Dead Tank SF6 Circuit Breaker an samun kayayyakin da suke da bayanin tsaro gas da kuma halitta tsaro, wanda ke bayar bayanai a kan satelite zuwa sistema mai kontrollo.
   • ​Kayayyaki Mai Nau'i: An samun kayayyakin mai tsaro (misali, CTB-1) don rage tsaro Dead Tank SF6 Circuit Breaker zuwa 10,000, wanda ke rage kayayyakin da suke da kayayyaki a wurare.

​Abubuwan Da Su Samu​
Daga lokacin da ake fito shi a 2024, bayanai na Dead Tank SF6 Circuit Breaker ta samu nasarorin a cikin jerin tsaro na Ethiopia:

1. ​Zama Mai Inganci: Gas mai baka da tsari mai tsaro suka taimaka wa Dead Tank SF6 Circuit Breakers suka yi aiki a faduwar tafara zuwa -40°C, wanda ke rage abubuwan da ba su duka zuwa 85% tare da babu abubuwan da suke da kayayyaki saboda gas liquid.
2. ​Adadin Kayayyaki Ya Rage: Adadin kayayyaki na shekara ya rage zuwa 1, wanda ke rage adadin kayayyaki zuwa 30%.
3. ​Amfani Da Duniya: Amfani da SF6 a Dead Tank SF6 Circuit Breakers ya rage zuwa 75%, wanda ke rage adadin tsaro mai nuna tsoro zuwa 80% tare da hanyoyin da gadi, wanda ke taimaka wa Paris Agreement.