Free Expert Guides on Power Systems, Circuit Design & Electrical Troubleshooting

What are Z Parameters?Z parameters (also known as impedance parameters or open-circuit parameters) are properties used in electrical engineering to describe the electrical behavior of linear electrical networks. These Z-parameters are used in Z-matrixes (impedance matrixes) to calculate the incoming and outgoing voltages and currents of a network.Z-parameters are also known as “open-circuit impedance parameters”, as they are calculated under open-circuit conditions. That is to say that Ix=0, whe

What are S Parameters?The S-parameters, also known as scattering or S-matrix parameters, represent how RF energy moves through a multi-port network. It represents the linear properties of RF electronic components and describes how energy travels through an electric network.The S-parameter matrix calculates characteristics like gain, loss, impedance, phase group delay, and VSWR. S-parameters are used to represent a complex network as a simple “black box” and clearly indicate what happens to the s

1). What is an AVO meter?AVO Meter – Ampere, Volt and Ohm MeterAVO meter is a meter that is used to measure the electrical circuit & the values of current, voltage, and resistance.2). What is Bridge Megger? What is its application?Bridge Meggers are used to accurately measure the lowest value of resistances, as well as the motor winding resistance & transformer winding resistance during preventative maintenance.Each of the 3 windings should have the same amount of winding resistance.3).

Three branches in an electrical network can be connected in numbers of forms but most common among them is either star or delta form. In delta connection, three branches are so connected, that they form a closed loop. As these three branches are connected nose to tail, they form a triangular closed loop, this configuration is referred as delta connection. On the other hand, when either terminal of three branches is connected to a common point to form a Y like pattern is known as star connection.

1). What is an inverse time over current relay’s characterizing feature?The length of time that the relay operates will be reduced as the fault current increases.2). Mention the most important characteristics of relay contacts. A strong construction is required. Self-cleaning (oxides break-down quickly). Corrosion- resistantis a characteristic. Low contact resistance with no strictures and no bounces. Capable of transporting rated short-term current and also rated continuous current.3). Define p

01). Explain the fundamentals of electrical power generation &distribution in an aerospace.All aerospace electrical systems contain components that can generate energy. Generators or alternators, depending on the aircraft, are used to generate power. These are often powered by an engine, although they can additionally be generated by an APU, a hydraulic motor, or a Ram Air Turbine (RAT).02). Describe the distinctions between automotive &aerospace electrical systems. Category

1). How do refinery hazardous area categories and electrical systems differ?According to the chance of an explosive gas environment being present, hazardous regions in a refinery are divided into Zone 0, Zone 1, and Zone 2.Specific safety requirements for electrical installations must be satisfied in each zone to avoid the ignition of combustible gases.Zone 0:A continuous or protracted explosive gas environment is present. Zone 0 requires intrinsically safe or explosion-proof electrical installa

1). Whatis a VFD, and what does it do in an electrical system?A motor controller known as a variable frequency drive (VFD), often referred to as an adjustable-frequency drive (AFD), an adjustable-speed drive (ASD), or an AC drive, controls the frequency and voltage of an electric motor’s power source. The VFD may also regulate the motor’s ramp-up and ramp-down during start and stop, respectively.VFDs are frequently put in electrical systems connecting the power source & the motor. The incomi

The wordmeshmeans a smallest loop which is closed one and formed by using circuit components. The mesh must not have any other loop inside it. Like the other network analysis procedures, we can use Mesh Analysis to find out the voltage, current or power through a particular element or elements. Mesh analysis is based on Kirchhoff Voltage Law. We can use Mesh analysis only on planar circuits. The planar circuit is the one which is possible to draw on a plane surface in such a way that no branch p

Current Division RuleWhen current flows through more than one parallel path, each of the paths shares a definite portion of the total current depending upon the impedance of that path.The definite portion of the total current shared by any of the parallel paths can easily be calculated if the impedance of that path and the equivalent impedance of the parallel system are known to us.The rule or formula derived from these known impedances to know the portion of total current through any parallel p