Free Expert Guides on Power Systems, Circuit Design & Electrical Troubleshooting

Radiant flux is a term that describes the amount of radiant energy that is emitted, reflected, transmitted, or received by an object per unit of time. Radiant energy is the energy carried by electromagnetic waves, such as light, radio waves, microwaves, infrared, ultraviolet, and X-rays. Radiant flux is also known as radiant power or optical power (in the case of light).Radiant flux is an important concept in radiometry, which is the science of measuring and analyzing electromagnetic radiation.

A black body is defined as an idealized object that absorbs all electromagnetic radiation that falls on it and emits radiation with a continuous spectrum that depends only on its temperature. Black body radiation is the thermal radiation emitted by a black body in thermodynamic equilibrium with its surroundings. Black body radiation has many applications in physics, astronomy, engineering, and other fields.What is a Black Body?A black body is a theoretical concept that represents an ideal absorb

Photometry is the science of measuring light in terms of its perceived brightness to the human eye. It is different from radiometry, which measures radiant energy (including light) in terms of absolute power. Photometry only considers the visible range of wavelengths (light) that can stimulate the human eye.The human eye can detect radiation that has a wavelength between 370 nm and 780 nm. This range is called the visible spectrum or simply light. Radiation with a wavelength shorter than light i

ElectrolysisElectrolysis is an electrochemical process by which current passes from one electrode to another in an ionized solution that is an electrolyte. In this process, positive ions or cations come to the negative electrode or cathode and negative ions or anions come to the positive electrode or anode.Before understanding the principle of electrolysis, we should know what is electrolyte or definition of electrolyteDefinition of ElectrolyteAn electrolyte is such a chemical whose atoms are ti

Working of Lead Acid BatteryThe storage battery or secondary battery is such a battery where electrical energy can be stored as chemical energy and this chemical energy is then converted to electrical energy as and when required. The conversion of electrical energy into chemical energy by applying external electrical source is known as charging of battery. Whereas conversion of chemical energy into electrical energy for supplying the external load is known as discharging of secondary battery.Dur

Applications of ElectrolysisElectrolytic Refining of MetalsThe process of electrolytic refining of metals is used to extract impurities from crude metals. Here in this process, a block of crude metal is used as anode, a diluted salt of that metal is used as electrolyte and plates of that pure metal is used as cathode.Electrolytic Refining of CopperFor understanding the process of electrolytic refining of metals, we will discuss about an example of electrolytic refining of copper. Copper extracte

There are mainly two parts in a lead acid battery. The container and plates.Lead Acid Battery ContainerAs this battery container mainly contains sulfuric acid hence the materials used for making a lead acid battery container must be resistant to sulfuric acid. The material container should also be free from those impurities which are deterious to the sulfuric acid. Especially iron and manganese are intolerable.The glass, lead lined wood, ebonite, hard rubber of bituminous compound, ceramic mater

Electrolyte of Lead Acid BatteryThe electrolyte of a lead acid battery cell is a solution of sulfuric acid and distilled water. The specific gravity of pure sulfuric acid is about 1.84 and this pure acid is diluted by distilled water until the specific gravity of the solution becomes 1.2 to 1.23. However, in some cases, the specific gravity of diluted sulfuric acid is recommended by the manufacturer of the battery depending upon the type of battery, season, and climatic conditions.Chemical Actio

Ionization is a fundamental concept in chemistry and physics that describes the transformation of electrically neutral atoms or molecules into electrically charged ones. Ionization occurs when an atom or molecule gains or loses one or more electrons, resulting in a positive or negative charge. The charged atom or molecule is called an ion.Ionization can happen in various ways, such as through collisions, chemical reactions, or exposure to electromagnetic radiation. Ionization plays an important

Batteries can be quite heavy. This disadvantage prevents batteries from being a source of energy in many different appliances and applications where being lightweight is crucial.An aluminum air battery overcomes this issue. It uses air as a cathode, significantly reducing its weight.In an aluminum air battery, aluminum is used as an anode, and air (the oxygen in the air) is used as cathode. This results in the energy density – i.e. energy produced per unit weight of the battery – very high compa