I. Gajer da Sabon Lafiya: Ingantaccen Tushen Elektrodinamiki (Daga Kula da GB/T 1094.5 / IEC 60076-5)
Sabon lafiya mai gajarta na kammala na tukunin wuyar da ya faruwa ita ce ingantaccen tushen elektrodinamiki da aka faruwar da shi a kan bayan fayukan fayakta. Idan yanayi na fayakta mai sauƙi ta hanyar jiki (kamar fayakta na rayuwa, fayakta na tsabta, k.s.a.), yana iya faruwar da fayakta mai sauƙi ta hanyar jiki a cikin muhimman fayakta. Daga wannan, an samun tushen elektrodinamiki a kan tukunun wuyar su, musamman a kan tushen radial (da take faruwar da zama) da tushen axial (da take faruwar da zama/fitowa). Idan tushen elektrodinamiki ya kai tsarin kayan aiki (tukuna, fataken fitofofi, sashe, tsari), za a iya faruwar da sauti mai lafiya, zama, ko fitowa, kuma ya maye ne daidai a kan tukunun wuyar, kafin ya faruwar da sabon lafiya na kammala na tukunin wuyar - wanda shi ne sabon lafiya mai ma'ana a kan abubuwan lafiyar da suka faru a kan fayakta.
II. Abubuwan Farko da Sune Maimaita: Tsaron Fayakta da Farkon Jiki da Farkon Lafiya (Daga Kula da Standardai na Overvoltage Protection kamar DL/T 620 / IEC 60099)
System Resonant Overvoltage (Ferroresonance / Linear Resonance)
Idan ba a dogara masu parametaren systema (kamar capacitance ta hanyar jiki, inductance ta PT, inductance ta arc suppression coil, k.s.a.) daidai, za a iya faruwar da ferroresonance ko linear resonance, wanda ya faruwar da tsaron fayakta mai sauƙi ta hanyar jiki. Wannan tsaron fayakta ya faruwar da fayakta a kan wurare da ake magance (wurare mai tsabta, arresters, bushings, k.s.a.), kuma ya faruwar da fayakta mai sauƙi ta hanyar jiki da ya faruwar da fayakta. Wannan ba tabbas faruwar da tushen elektrodinamiki, amma kuma ya haifar da tsarin kayan aiki da tukunun wuyar (inter-turn, inter-layer, da main insulation), kuma ya faruwar da sabon lafiya na kammala na tukunin wuyar a kan farkon jiki daidai.
Energization with Persistent Faults after Lightning Strike
Bayan fayakta na rayuwa ya faruwar da fayakta mai sauƙi ta hanyar jiki a kan muhimman fayakta, idan ba a kada fayakta (kamar idan circuit breaker ba a yi trip ko ba a sanin fayakta), akwai irin adawa da ya iya faruwar da fayakta mai sauƙi ta hanyar jiki (da ya kai tsarin kayan aiki). Wannan fayakta ya faruwar da tsaron kayan aiki, kuma ya faruwar da tukunun wuyar da ya faruwar da sabon lafiya na kammala na tukunin wuyar, kafin ya faruwar da fayakta mai sauƙi ta hanyar jiki (thermal collapse).
III. Na'urar Hanyoyi: Yadda Ake Zama Masu Kayan Aiki da Kula da Tsaro (Daga Kula da Standardai na Equipment Selection, Relay Protection, da Condition Monitoring)
Yadda Ake Zama Masu Kayan Aiki a Kan Tukunun Wuyar (Daga Kula da GB/T 1094.5 / IEC 60076-5)
Tsari na Yanayi: Yana da kyau a zama masu kayan aiki da suka yi nasara a kan fayakta mai sauƙi ta hanyar jiki (kamar IEC 60076-5), musamman a kan tsarin tukunun wuyar (fataken fitofofi, tsarin axial clamping, tsarin radial support, tsarin transposition conductor), tsarin kayan aiki, da tsarin aiki.
Ziyartar Current-Limiting Reactor: A kunna current-limiting reactor a kan neutral circuit ta grounding transformer don in haifar da tushen fayakta, kuma in haifar da tushen elektrodinamiki a kan tukunun wuyar. Yana da kyau a duba matsalolin systema da relay protection.
Na'urar Tsaro na Relay Protection (Daga Kula da Standardai na Relay Protection DL/T 584 / DL/T 559)
Principle na Tsaro: Tsaro na overcurrent (zero-sequence overcurrent, inverse-time overcurrent) ya kamata a zama da ita a kan limits na thermal da dynamic stability (daga kula da GB/T 1094.5).
Coordination na Gradation: Tsaro na time delay ta grounding transformer (misali 100A/10s) ya kamata a zama da ita a kan upstream line protection (outgoing circuit breaker). Yana da kyau a duba matsalolin systema da relay protection.
Na'urar Tsaro na Body Protection na Grounding Transformer:
Zama Matsayinta na Fast-Clearing (Daga Kula da DL/T 584 / DL/T 559)
Configuration na Directional Zero-Sequence Protection: A kunna directional zero-sequence current protection (Stage I/II) a kan line protection. Element na direction ya faruwar da farkon fayakta, kuma ya faruwar da fayakta a kan ≤0.2s, kuma ya faruwar da fayakta mai sauƙi ta hanyar jiki.
Kunna Intelligent On-Line Monitoring and Early Warning Systems (Daga Kula da Condition Monitoring Standard DL/T 1709.1)
Monitoring na Real-Time Hot Spot Temperature: A kunna optical fiber ko platinum resistance temperature sensors a kan tukunun wuyar, kuma a faruwar da alaram (warning/alert) da tripping thresholds (daga kula da insulation class thermal models).
Monitoring na Neutral Point Electrical Parameter: A kunna monitoring na neutral point current da system displacement voltage, kuma a faruwar da alaram (asymmetry over-limit alarm) a kan fayakta.
Na'urar Conclusions and Implementation Recommendations
