Tattalin PLC Control Technology a Tashin Yawanci na Kirkiro Karamin Shaninkwa

A cikin karkashin kwalitoci na gaji, fassara shi ne wani babban abubuwa mai yawa. Kwalitoci na fassara tana daidaita a cikin bincike ta hanyar tsari, kafukan fassara, kawo karamin fassara, da kuma kadan-kadan na fassara—daga cikinsu, tsari na fassara ce mafi muhimmanci. Don samun kwalitoci na fassara masu yawan, ya kamata karkashin fassara. Yanzu, hanyar da ya fi sani da karkashin fassara, wanda ya fi so kuɗi da ke tsariya, shine karkashin kungiyar tap changer na transformers.

Wannan littafi ya haɗa suka bi PLC da teknologi na mikrokomputa don kawo girman da kuma bincike wani regulator na fassara na gaji mai zurfi, inda ya ci gaba da karkashin fassara mai zurfi, amma ya saukar da kawo karamin fassara a lokacin karkashin.

1. Siffofin Fanni da Mafi Muhimman Hausa na Regulator na Fassara na Gaji Mai Zurfi

1.1 Siffofin Fanni Masu Yawan

Regulator na fassara na gaji mai zurfi tana da yanayin da yanayoyi. Yanayin tana da capacitor na farko da ma'adu, tare da transformer na karkasha, wanda ya yi kungiyar reactive power da kuma karkashin fassara da zaman lafiya.

Yanayoyi sun hada da yanayin kontrolai mai zurfi da tsohon yanayoyi masu karkasha. Yanayin kontrolai mai zurfi tana gina da kuma karya komando, wanda yanayoyi masu karkasha suna samun wirelessly don koyar da karkashin fassara na gaji a lokacin karkashin.

A cikin abubuwan da ke tsariya, yanayin kontrolai mai zurfi tana dogara tasirin zama, zurfi, da kuma kungiyar da za a yi. Tana tabbatar da shiga fassara na gaji, gina komando daidai, da kuma karya su zuwa module na kontrolai na tap changer don ba da fassara na gaji a cikin setpoint na aiki. Abubuwan da ke tsariyan tana hada da:

• Koyar da shiga fassara na gaji da kuma karkashin fassara—kore da kada a matsayin;

• Koyar da shiga current na gaji da kuma karkashin fassara;

• Bayar da ayyuka da za a yi waɗanda suka shiga undervoltage, overcurrent, da kuma overheating conditions.

1.2 Abubuwan da ke Tsariya

Regulator na fassara na gaji mai zurfi tana bayar da abubuwan da ke tsariya:

• Tsarin dual: Ya yi kungiyar reactive power da kuma karkashin fassara da zaman lafiya. A lokacin karkashin fassara, ya kungiya waɗanda suka shiga reactive power na grid, da kuma ya haɗa da kungiyar da za a yi, ya kasa kawo karamin gasar, da kuma ya ba da kwalitoci na fassara. Amma, tana iya shiga fassara da kuma current na uku.

• Tsarin da ya haɗa da kula da kuma tsarin da ya haɗa da zamani: An yi amfani da graded insulation don haɗa da dielectric strength. Koyar da shiga data a kan yanayin kontrolai da yanayoyi masu karkasha tana da voltage isolation, wanda ya ba da kula free signal transfer. Dukkan sensor na fassara da kuma current an yi integration internally, amma tana ba da sabon potential ko current transformers—wanda ya haɗa da ingantaccen, zama, da kuma tsarin da ya haɗa da zamani.

• Karkashin fassara mai zurfi: Tana koyar da shiga tap positions based on user-defined thresholds da kuma kore da kada settings da ba daidai, don ba da zama na grid.
  Karkashin tap changer mai zurfi: Ta kungiyar da transformer na karkasha da capacitors na reactive compensation, short-circuit currents a lokacin karkashin fassara suna da dabi, wanda ya kasa tasirin karkashin.

• Ingantaccen protection: Tana koyar da shiga load na line da kuma temperature na transformer; tana kore da kada regulation mode idan an sami anomalies da kuma tana karkashin fassara a lokacin da adadin al'amuran yake da yawa.

• Koyar da shiga data na zaman lafiya: Yanayin kontrolai tana koyar da shiga fassara, current, da kuma adadin tap changes a gaba da karkashin fassara.

• Koyar da shiga data na zaman lafiya: Data na lokaci tana iya karin, da kuma parameters na karkashin (misali, time intervals, fassara thresholds) tana iya kore da kada remotely—wanda ya haɗa da tsarin da ya haɗa da zamani.

• Saboda hakan, regulator na fassara na gaji mai zurfi tana da muhimmanci ga karkashin rural power grids, wanda tana koyar da kawo karamin fassara da kada.

2. Amfani da Teknologi na PLC a Cikin Koyar da shiga Hardware na Regulator na Fassara na Gaji Mai Zurfi

Ta hanyar functional requirements da technical specifications na regulator na fassara na gaji mai zurfi, tsarin hardware tana nuna a Figure 1.

2.1 Koyar da shiga Microcontroller Basic System

Microcontroller basic system tana da Industrial Personal Computer (IPC), tana da CPU card model All2In2One da memory na 256MB, tare da two serial and one parallel interface. Amma, tana da PCI2S3-compatible graphics acceleration chip, da size na graphics card tana da 1 to 2MB. Don haɗa da zama na system, tana da amfani da components na low-power don kasa current consumption.

2.2 Koyar da shiga Input Channels

A lokacin koyar da shiga input channels, input signals tana da secondary signals na voltage da current transformers. Wadannan signals tana da conditioning before being converted via ADC for input into the MCU. Signal conditioning circuit tana da current da kuma voltage transformers tare da three-stage operational amplifier. Current da kuma voltage transformers tana koyar da shiga high voltages da currents into smaller ones with high precision and good linearity. Three-stage op-amp tana koyar da shiga wadannan signals da aka convert da kuma rectify.

2.3 Konfigurashin PLC Control Unit

Don wata intelligent power voltage regulator, an amfani da Panasonic series FP1 PLC, wanda yake da tushen programi na 5000 steps, kawar hukuma mai sauƙa, da kuma tasirin kula. Yana amfani da RS485 twisted pair cables, wanda ke taka rate na transmission na 100bps, da kuma samun networking na 32 PLCs a gaba na 1200 meters. Wannan model na PLC na kyau a matsayin kofin kontrol, zai iya koyarwa ladder diagrams da dynamic timing a baya, don haka za ta ba da tushen voltage regulation mai sauƙa.

2.4 Konfigurashin Output Channels

Output channels suna amfani da logical output methods. Don samun voltage regulation na dai tsarki a cikin switching voltage da crossover current, zero-crossing triggering ya shafi, da kuma setting up contactless electronic switches.

3. Amfani da PLC Control Technology a Software Design na Intelligent Power Voltage Regulator

3.1 Specific Operation Process of the Program

Ba da aiki da kuma fitar da intelligent power voltage regulator, initialization da self-check procedures suna bukata. Idan self-check yana jagoranci, ita ce ife cewa wurin yana cikin operating mode ko configuration mode. A cikin configuration mode, ana iya set parameters da keyboard, bayan entry to setup menu, selecting specific settings, da kuma adjusting values with up/down keys. A cikin operating mode, sampling da digital filtering suka faru, da kuma choosing appropriate voltage regulation methods:

• Automatic Regulation: Ana yi programs corresponding don judge if the voltage is within the specified range. Idan haka, ba da adjustment needed; otherwise, adjustments are made to bring the voltage back within limits.

• Manual Regulation: Manual operations via panel buttons adjust voltage levels. Ba da aiki da voltage adjustments, display programs show transformer secondary voltage and current values, as well as daily regulator actions, ensuring continuous operation.

3.2 Specific Algorithm for Program Control

Don tabbatar da abubuwan masu sauki na voltage deviation, effective application of control algorithms yana da muhimmanci. Wannan yana nufin calculating values independent of sampled time points from discrete data sets through mathematical operations, comparing them with design specifications, and performing logic operations for tap changer adjustments. The calculation formulas for measuring current, voltage, and active power are as follows:

(Note: The specific formulas for current, voltage, and active power measurement were not provided in your text, but typically involve standard electrical engineering calculations such as Ohm's law, power factor calculations, etc.)

Wadannan descriptions sun bayyana cikakken hanyar da intelligent power voltage regulator yake yi aiki, hardware configuration, da kuma software processes involved in maintaining optimal voltage regulation.

A cikin formulas, i(k) da u(k) suna nufin k-th current sampling value da voltage sampling value, respectively. Based on these, other quantities such as Q and cosφ can be derived and calculated.

4. Conclusion

Daga testing intelligent power voltage regulator, wannan paper ya bayyana cewa wurin yana iya adjust voltage a lokacin daɗi, maimaita masu sauki kamar surges da short circuits, don haka za ta ba da tushen voltage regulation, da kuma achieving a relatively ideal voltage regulation effect. Ina iya cewa amfani da PLC control technology a intelligent power voltage regulator yana iya effectively realize automatic detection and regulation of voltage, accelerate the voltage regulation speed, and the actual operation is relatively simple. Moreover, no surge occurs during voltage adjustment, and the upper computer can monitor various working states of the device in real time, which plays a great role in the transformation and management of substations and distribution stations.