Dabbobi da takalma masu tsakiyar SF₆ suna cikin kungiyoyi na gurbin gwamnati. Karkashin tafiya da kuma kula da su ita ce mai yawa don inganta hanyar zuwa da shirya na gurbin gwamnati. Amma, a kan fagen tafiya da kula cikin kungiyoyi, musamman a lokacin da ake ta da dabbobi da takalma masu tsakiyar SF₆, akwai abubuwa da suka zama manyan (kamar takaice, kawo gaba, k.s.), wanda ke sanya muhimmanci ga kyakkyawan adadin mutum. Saboda haka, wannan makarantun ya nuna a kan fagen wuraren da kuma teknologiyoyi na kontrolar sautin, don inganta sautin a fagen tafiya da kula cikin kungiyoyi da kuma kasa kasan jiki.
1 Tatsuniya na Siffar da Muhimmiyar Dabbobi da Takalma Masu Tsakiyar SF₆
1.1 Muhimmin Tsarin Fanni da Kimiyya na Gas SF₆
Molekulon gas SF₆ ana cikin atomu na sulfur mafi girma da sadarwa atomu na fluorine, tare da tsari 146.06, 5.135 mafi girma da hawa. Hukuma 150°C, gas SF₆ ya faru tsarin kimiyya mai yawa da ba a yi aiki da kimiyya game da kungiyoyin metal, plastik, da sauran abubuwan da ake amfani a cikin dabbobi da takalma. Saboda haka, an fi sani shi a matsayin gas mai yawa, mai yawa, bace, da kuma ba a yi aiki da kimiyya, wanda ba a yi karfi ko kisan aiki (ba a yi aiki da tailen transformer da kuma ba a yi aiki da maye). Amma, a kan fagen kawo da kula dabbobi, gas SF₆ ya faru tsari a kan fagen discharge da arcs, wanda ke faru abubuwa masu tsarin gas ko kisa, kamar metal fluorides, SOF₂, SO₂F₄, k.s., wadannan su ne kawai a yi harsuna ga mutum. Daga cikinsu, gas SF₆ ya faru da kuma kula a kan fagen arcs (molekulon da suka da yawa masu tsari mai yawa suka faru zuwa atomu ko kuma particle gas), wanda ke zama tsarin kuli da kuma kula da sautin.
1.2 Siffar da Dabbobi da Takalma Masu Tsakiyar SF₆
Dabbobi da takalma masu tsakiyar SF₆ ana cikin uku insulator porcelain vertical, kila wata tana da gas-blast arc-extinguishing chamber. Wannan fagen ya faru dabbobi da takalma a cikin kusa, kuma tana da tsarin kuli da kula da mai yawa. Gas-blast arc-extinguishing chamber shine mutummu mai yawa wa dabbobi da takalma masu tsakiyar SF₆, kuma tana da gas SF₆ a cikin pipes da suka taka da uku arc-extinguishing chambers. Idan dabbobi da takalma tana bukatar kula, contact kontrollabe ya kula da fixed contact, wanda ke faru arc. A lokacin, gas SF₆ a cikin arc-extinguishing chamber ya faru sarrafa zuwa arc a kan fagen pipes, wanda ke amfani da tsarin kuli da kula da kuma gas don kula arc da kasa. Kuma, spring operating mechanism da sabbin box control equipment suna cikin abubuwan da suka taimaka da kula da kula da contacts dabbobi da takalma masu tsakiyar SF₆. Yana da muhimmanci a kan fagen springs, connecting rods, transmission mechanisms, microprocessors, ko kuma programmable logic controllers. Idan dabbobi da takalma tana bukatar kula ko kula, control equipment tana bayyana amfani don spring operating mechanism zuwa kula da kula da movable contact.
1.3 Muhimmin Tsarin Dabbobi da Takalma Masu Tsakiyar SF₆
Daga cikin hawa da tailen transformer, gas SF₆ tana da muhimmancin tsarin kuli da kula, tsarin kula da kula, da kuma kusa, kuma tana da fagen yadda ake amfani a cikin gurbin gwamnati masu tsakiya.
- Blocking effect: Tana da muhimmin tsarin gas flow na arc-blowing. Arc-extinguishing chamber tana da kusa, tsarin kula, breaking current mafi girma, arcing time mafi girma, ba a yi reignition idan ake kula capacitive ko inductive current, da kuma over-voltage mafi girma.
- Electrical life mafi girma: Yana iya kula 19 times a full capacity 50kA, cumulative breaking current 4200kA, maintenance cycle mafi girma, da kuma yana da fagen a kan fagen scenarios da suka bi da kula da kula.
- Tsarin kuli da kula mafi girma: Gas SF₆ tana iya tabbata da koyarwa masu tsarin kuli da kula a 0.3MPa. Idan cumulative breaking current tana faru 3000kA, each breaking port tana iya tabbata da voltage power-frequency 250kV a 1 minute a 0.3MPa, kuma tana iya tabbata da voltage power-frequency 166.4kV idan pressure gas SF₆ tana faru zuwa zero gauge pressure.
- Tsarin sealing mafi girma: Gas SF₆ tana da water content mafi girma. Arc-extinguishing chamber, resistors, da supports tana iya faru independent gas compartments don kara dirt da kuma moisture tana faru zuwa cikin dabbobi da takalma.
- Operating power mafi girma da buffering smooth: Transmission ratio between working cylinder of the mechanism da arc-extinguishing contact tana da 1∶1, kuma mechanism tana da tsarin kula. Stability of the mechanism characteristics tana faru 3000 times (10000 times a test environment), kuma noise tana da kula tana faru 90dB.
2 Tatsuniya na Abubuwan da Su Sanya Muhimmanci a Kan Fagen Tafiya da Kula Cikin Kungiyoyi
2.1 Abunawa da Muhimmin Abubuwan da Su Sanya Muhimmanci
Abubuwan da su sanya muhimmanci a kan fagen tafiya da kula cikin kungiyoyi suna da abunawa uku: electrical hazards, mechanical hazards, chemical hazards, da environmental factors. Wadannan abubuwan da su sanya muhimmanci zai iya sanya muhimmanci ga kyakkyawan adadin mutum da suke yi aiki a kan fagen tafiya da kula.
- Electrical hazards: An faru saboda damage insulation kafin ake amfani da error operational, mainly manifested as high voltage and arcs. Saboda dabbobi da takalma tana da high voltage a lokacin da ake amfani da kuma tana da capacitive da inductive effects, residual charges tana da muhimmanci a kan fagen open-circuit state, wanda ke sanya muhimmanci ga electric shock injuries. Arcs tana iya faru high temperatures da kuma cause fires.
- Mechanical hazards: Hazards main come from mechanical components of the equipment. If not properly operated and maintained, one may be pinched or bumped by rotating or moving parts.
- Chemical hazards: Gas SF₆ tana da tsarin kimiyya mai yawa, amma tana faru da kula a kan fagen arcs, corona, k.s. Inhaling the generated gas may cause dizziness, pulmonary edema, or even death.
- Environmental hazards: Performing maintenance in weather such as thunderstorms and strong winds not only increases the difficulty of maintenance work but also brings uncontrollable risks to maintenance personnel. In addition, problems such as poor ventilation and small space in the maintenance environment may also increase the danger of on-site maintenance.
2.2 Tatsuniya na Sababon Abubuwan da Su Sanya Muhimmanci
Sababon abubuwan da su sanya muhimmanci a kan fagen tafiya da kula cikin kungiyoyi suna da sababon da suka faru daga equipment, human, da environmental factors. With the increase in the number of maintenance operations, the degree of equipment wear and tear increases, leading to a decline in electrical performance and a higher risk of accidents.
Due to the uneven quality of maintenance personnel, some of them lack sufficient understanding of the equipment structure and working principles, and may be negligent during actual operations. For example, due to a lack of sufficient vigilance, personnel may accidentally touch live parts or use tools inappropriately, which may directly trigger safety accidents.
For SF₆ circuit breakers, the hazards mainly stem from their chemical properties. Toxic substances generated under specific conditions are likely to accumulate indoors due to environmental limitations, further increasing the level of danger.
3 Hazard Point Location and Safety Control Technologies
3.1 Hazard Point Location Methods
- Fiber optic sensing technology: Fiber optic sensing technology has excellent insulation performance and anti-electromagnetic interference ability. It can effectively monitor the structural health and electrical parameters of SF₆ circuit breakers, collect and analyze data in real-time, and promptly detect potential faults and safety hazards.
- Wireless sensor network: A wireless sensor network is composed of a large number of sensor nodes. Its main purpose is to monitor environmental parameters, equipment status, and the location information of maintenance personnel in real-time. The network has the characteristics of self-organization, self-adaptation, and anti-interference, and can adapt to the complex and changeable environmental conditions on-site, realizing real-time monitoring and location of hazard points.
- Machine vision and infrared thermal imaging technology: Machine vision technology can identify and locate potential hazard points, such as exposed cables and damaged equipment, by capturing and analyzing on-site images; while infrared thermal imaging technology can monitor the temperature distribution of equipment in real-time and accurately locate fault points and potential risk points.
3.2 Hazard Point Prediction Model Based on Data Analysis
At present, intelligence, digitalization, automation, and integration are the main trends of China's power grid, and the application of artificial intelligence and big data technologies has accelerated this development process. During the maintenance of SF₆ circuit breakers, a hazard point prediction model based on data analysis is established, which mainly includes four steps: data collection, data preprocessing, feature engineering, and model training.
- Data collection: Obtained through various sensors, operation records of monitoring equipment, etc. To improve the accuracy of the model, a large amount of comprehensive data should be collected as much as possible.
- Data preprocessing: Preprocess the original data (outlier detection and processing, data transformation, etc.) to improve data quality and lay the foundation for subsequent feature engineering and model training.
- Feature engineering: After preprocessing is completed, useful features for hazard point prediction need to be selected from a large amount of data. These features should have good discrimination and predictive ability to improve the accuracy of the model.
- Model training: SVM (Support Vector Machine) is a commonly used classification and regression analysis method. It separates different categories of data by finding the optimal hyperplane, maximizing the classification interval between the two types of data.
3.3 Safety Control Technology Strategies
To improve the accuracy and practicality of location technologies, big data and artificial intelligence technologies should be utilized, and machine learning algorithms should be applied to intelligently identify and predict hazard points in substation maintenance sites, providing more accurate location information for maintenance personnel and reducing the risk of accidents. In substation maintenance sites, data from various sensors should be fused to improve the accuracy of location and the accuracy of the model. Applying augmented reality (AR) technology, which integrates virtual information with the real world, can enable maintenance personnel to better understand the equipment structure and thus solve the problem of operational errors. Relevant parties should strengthen the management of on-site maintenance work and strictly follow the operation procedures for maintenance (see Figure 1). At the same time, develop intelligent wearable devices for maintenance personnel to obtain their location information in real-time and monitor them in real-time to ensure safety.
4 Conclusion
In substation maintenance sites, accurately identifying and locating hazard points is the key to ensuring the safety of SF₆ circuit breaker maintenance sites. Through in-depth research on the working principles and characteristics of SF₆ circuit breakers, it is found that chemical factors are the main non-negligible hazard points during their maintenance process. To effectively deal with risks, new technologies, new concepts, and new methods should be used for pre-event prevention, predicting potential risks in advance, and providing early-warning information for maintenance personnel to ensure the smooth progress of maintenance operations.
