Sêbepên Xerabkirina Transformator derbarê Tîrîna Cewhera û Dibe Yana Bûyer Pêk Bike Beriya Yeta

1. Kîjan Transformerê ji Lêz-Xeletan Were Daxistin?

• Lêz-Xelê Direkt: Ger lêz-xel transformerê yane rêzikên deroçê yên navbera dike, çavkaniya transîentê mezin bûyayê ku hêsan derbasdar windings û core ya transformerê dike. Vê yekê materiala îsuliyê were xewtir bike—yan jê bîne—ki vê yekê were şert bikin ku windings ê bi xwe pêşkeftin an were şert bikin. Daxistina ji bo lêz-xelan direkt hêsan ekzistiyeştiyê ye.

• Gerhendina Tenzila (Induksiyon Elektromagnetik): Ji bilind lêz-xel ne dike direct transformerê, tenzila induksiyonê ya guhurtina elektromagnetika li ser windings ê dike—bêtir li vir gava ku nivîsandinê ne. Tenzilên induksiyonê hêsan beş eku bibin ku materiala îsuliyê ya transformerê were şert bikin, gerhendina partial dikin. Li demê, vê stresê kumulatif degradasyona layera îsuliyê dike u di demekê de were şert bikin.

• Ingresa Surgeyê ji Lêz-Xelan: Surgeyên ji lêz-xelan destnusyayên elektrîkê re were hatin dike ku hêsan derbasdar transformerê dike. Ger transformerê nivîsarinê ne ku surgeyên adekate, vê lêz-xelan waves deken derbasdar transformerê dike, ku overvoltage dike ku systema îsuliyê ya navandî were şert bikin.

• Rise Potential Ground (GPR) / Backflash: Di daweyê lêz-xelan de, currenta lêz-xelan di systema grounding ê de were hatin dike, ki vê yekê voltage drop di resistancea grounding ê de were hatin dike. Ger resistancea grounding ê ya transformerê wekheviya beş eku, rise potential ground bêtir eku were hatin dike. Vê yekê were şert bikin "backflash," ku tanka transformerê yane side low-voltage ê potential relative beş eku were hatin, ku were şert bikin equipment damage.

2. Transformerê Hêsan Bi Kar Bîtin Piştî Lêz-Xel?

Ji bo ku transformerê hêsan bi kar bîtin piştî lêz-xel, ber bi daxistina extensiyon ê u resultên inspeksyonên destpêk. Têkiliş, amadeyên veguhastin hêsan divê hemen piştî strike bikin:

• Isolationa Amniyatê u Inspeksyon Visual: Yekem, amniyatê bi teybet bike ku transformerê affected dike ji grid. Jîn inspeksyon visual ji bo physical damage, burn marks, yane oil leakage.

• Dissolved Gas Analysis (DGA): Analiza gases dissolved li ser transformer oil yek metoda key yê ye ji bo diagnosing internal faults. Lêz-xel deken materiala îsuliyê were decompose, ku gases specific release din, wêneyev hydrogen u acetylene. Oil sample analysis helps assess the severity of internal damage.

• Electrical Testing: Perform tests including insulation resistance measurement, dielectric loss factor (tan δ) testing, and DC winding resistance measurement to evaluate whether the transformer’s electrical performance has been compromised.

• Professional Assessment and Repair: Based on the above test results, qualified technicians should assess the extent of damage and determine repair feasibility. Minor insulation damage may be remedied through drying, localized winding repair, or insulation replacement. However, severe damage—such as burned-out windings—may require complete rewinding or replacement of the entire transformer.

In summary, transformers can be damaged by lightning through multiple mechanisms, and their usability after a strike depends entirely on the severity of the damage. The key to preventing lightning-related failures lies in establishing a robust lightning protection system, including installing surge arresters, implementing effective grounding, and using lightning-resistant transformers.