Zan iya haɗa kan bayanan aikacewa. Ba ta sanya karamin shirye ba. Su ne ayyukan da dabi'ar karamin shirye mai yawa. Saboda haka, ya kamata a tafi taron bayan aikacewa da ayyuka. Taron da ke cewa, ayyukan suke tsara wani abu na karamin shirye, amma aikacewan suke gina jiki na karamin shirye. A capacitors, ana yi aiki a matsayin ayyukan karamin shirye.
Daga baya, za a iya tafi masana. Muhimmin da dabam da tsari a ayyuka sun hada da voltage na breakdown ko dielectric strength, parametosai na dielectric kamar permittivity, conductivity, loss angle da power factor. Muhimmanci masu wasu sun hada da parametosai na electrical, thermal, mechanical da chemical. Zan iya rubuta cikakken muhimman masu wasu a nan.
Aikacewa na da zama electrons miliyan a yanayi. Idan zama shirye ta zama da damu, zai kasance breakdown. Yana nufin cewa muhimmin da ake da aikacewar suka lalace, amma a nan zai zama conductor. Ingantaccen electric field a lokacin breakdown an aka sanya da breakdown voltage ko dielectric strength. Ana iya sanya ta da electric stress na fadada da zai kasance breakdown na material a wani yanayi.
Yana iya samun lafiya da aging, temperature mai yawa da moisture. An sa shi a matsayin
Dielectric strength ko Breakdown voltage =
V→ Breakdown Potential.
t→ Thickness of the dielectric material.
Relative permittivity
Ana iya kiran shi a matsayin specific inductive capacity ko dielectric constant. Wannan yana ba mu sadarwa game da capacitance na capacitor idan aikacewa ta fi yawan. Ana tashar shi a matsayin εr. Capacitance na capacitor yana kauna da separation of plates ko thickness of dielectrics, cross sectional area of the plates da character of dielectric material used
. Aikacewa da take da dielectric constant mai yawa yana da kyau don capacitor.
Relative permeability ko dielectric constant =
Zan iya tabbatar da cewa idan a yi substitution air tare da wani medium na dielectric, capacitance (capacitor) zai zama mai yawa. Dielectric constant da dielectric strength na wasu aikacewa suna nuna a nan.
Aikacewa |
Dielectric Strength(kV/mm) |
Dielectric Constant |
Air |
3 |
1 |
Oil |
5-20 |
2-5 |
Mica |
60-230 |
5-9 |
Tafel no.1
Idan a bayar AC supply ga aikacewa, ba zan iya cutar power ba. Wannan yana iya samu a matsayin vacuum da purified gases. A nan, zan iya tabbatar da cewa charging current zai head voltage da aka bayar da 90o wanda ake nuna a figure 2A. Wannan yana nufin cewa ba da cutar power a ayyukan. Amma a yankunan, akwai cutar energy a ayyukan idan a bayar alternating current. Wannan cutar anaka sanya da dielectric loss. A ayyukan da ake yi, leakage current ba zai lead voltage da aka bayar da 90o (figure 2B). Littafin da leakage current ke fara shine phase angle (φ). Yana da yawa da 90. Zan iya samun loss angle (δ) daga wannan a matsayin 90- φ.
Circuit equivalent da capacitance da resistor a collateral (parallel) suna nuna a nan.
Daga wannan, zan iya samun dielectric power loss a matsayin
X → Capacitive reactance (1/2πfC)
cosφ → sinδ
A yankunan, δ yana da yawa. Saboda haka, zan iya kiran sinδ = tanδ.
Saboda haka, tanδ anaka sanya da power factor of dielectrics.
Ingantaccen bayan muhimmin da dabam da tsari na aikacewa yana da muhimmanci a wajen scheming, manufacturing, functioning da recycling na aikacewa (insulating) materials da zai iya samun shi da calculation da measurement.
Bayanai: Iya gaskiya, babban rubutu na za a shara, idane babban daidaito, zaka iya tabbatar.
