Dakilin Karamin Farko Da Dama Daga Ring Main Units zuwa Switchgear An Bincika

Matsayin Iyakokin Ring Main Units (RMUs) da Switchgear

A cikin masana kasa, RMUs (Ring Main Units) da switchgear suna cikin kayan alatun kadan kasa, amma suna bambanta sosai a fanni da tashar. RMUs na yawan amfani a hanyoyi na ring-fed, tare da kada kasa da kuma inganta linocin kasa, bayanin mafi muhimmanci a matsayin interconnection ta wurare da ake gudanar da ita a kan hanyoyi na ring network. Switchgear, wanda shi ne a cikin alatun kadan kasa mai sauƙi, tana da kada kasan kasa, kadan kasa, kontrol, da kuma inganta linocin kasa, kuma ana iya amfani da shi a wurare da manyan tasirin volts da kuma hanyoyin grid. Bambantukan da ke daban-baban suna nuna a kan sadarwa:

1. Hanyoyin Amfani
RMUs na yawan amfani a cikin grids da 10kV ko kadan, da za su iya amfani a wurare da grids masu birnin da kuma wurare da masana'antu mai tsari don kasa mai ring-fed. Wannan irin amfani shine dual-power supply system a wurare da commercial centers, inda RMUs suka yi hanyoyi na ring, tare da ake kawo karamin kasa a lokacin da linoci. Switchgear na da rike mai yawa, tare da voltages daga 6kV zuwa 35kV. Ana iya amfani da shi a tsakiyar high-voltage cikin substations ko kuma a wurare da low-voltage distribution rooms. Misali, ana buƙatar high-voltage switchgear a wurare da outgoing feeder bays daga main transformer a thermal power plant.

2. Tashar Gargajiya
RMUs na yawan amfani a gas insulation technology, tare da SF6 gas wanda ya zama insulating medium. Mafi girman kompoenntsu sun haɗa three-position disconnectors, load-break switches, da kuma fuse combinations. Tashar modular design suna ci gajerar volume da 40% uku a cikin switchgear na tarihi; misali, XGN15-12 RMU na da larabci kawai 600mm. Switchgear na yawan amfani a air insulation, tare da standard cabinet widths daga 800–1000mm. Kompoenntsu da ake fito a cikinsu sun haɗa circuit breakers, current transformers, da kuma relay protection devices. KYN28A-12 metal-enclosed switchgear, misali, na da withdrawable circuit breaker trolley.

3. Funtunan Inganta Linocin Kasa
RMUs na yawan amfani a current-limiting fuses don inganta linocin kasa, tare da rated breaking currents da suka fi 20kA, amma babu da precise relay protection systems. Switchgear na da microprocessor-based protection relays, tare da funtunan kamar three-stage overcurrent protection, zero-sequence protection, da kuma differential protection. Misali, model batun switchgear na iya samar da overcurrent protection operation a lokacin da 0.02 seconds, tare da ake kawo karamin selective tripping tare da vacuum circuit breakers.

4. Expandability
RMUs na amfani a standardized interfaces, tare da ake iya kawo karfi zuwa six incoming/outgoing circuits. Suna iya kawo karfi a gaba da busbar couplers—model batun suka iya kawo karfi a gaba a lokacin da 30 minutes. Saboda high functional integration, expandability na switchgear na iya buƙata ake gada entire cabinets ko kuma ake kara compartments, tare da typical retrofit times da suka fi 8 hours.

5. Mechanisms na Operasha
RMUs na yawan amfani a spring-operated load-break switches tare da operating torques da suka fi 50 N·m da visible break points. Misali, operating handle ta model batun RMU na da rotation da yake 120° don ake so kuɗe misoperation. Switchgear circuit breakers na da electric operating mechanisms; misali, spring mechanism na iya charged a lokacin da 15 seconds da kuma mechanical interlocks don ake danganta correct operation sequences.

6. Abubuwan Kayan Aiki
Abubuwan kayan aiki na RMU a shekarar yakin ya kai 2% daga value na equipment, tare da ake yi checks da pressure ga SF6 gas da kuma mechanical lubrication. Abubuwan kayan aiki na switchgear ya kai 5% daga value na equipment, tare da ake yi mechanical testing da kuma relay calibration. Project case na nuna cewa annual preventive testing na switchgear na buƙatar 8 man-hours per unit.

Typical Engineering Configuration
Wurare da industrial park 10kV distribution system na amfani da eight RMUs don ake gudanar da dual-ring network, kowane da DTU (Distribution Terminal Unit) don automatic fault section isolation. A cikin haka, concurrently built 110kV substation na amfani da 12 switchgear units a cikin 10kV outgoing bays, kowane da microprocessor protection. Total investment na nuna cewa RMU-based system na iya cost about 60% daga switchgear system.

Equipment Selection
Selection must consider reliability requirements. When continuity of supply needs to reach 99.99%, a dual-ring network using RMUs can meet the N-1 security criterion. For critical loads such as hospital operating rooms, switchgear with automatic dual-power transfer systems is required to ensure power interruption time remains under 0.2 seconds.

Technology Trends
New eco-friendly RMUs are replacing SF6 with dry air, achieving equivalent insulation performance with zero global warming potential. Intelligent switchgear integrates online monitoring systems; one model can monitor over 20 parameters (e.g., contact temperature, mechanical characteristics) in real time with a sampling frequency of up to 1000 Hz.

Jawabi da Analysis

• Hanyoyin Amfani: RMUs (closed-loop distribution networks) – 15%, Switchgear (multi-voltage systems) – 15%

• Tashar Gargajiya: Gas-insulated, modular (RMUs) – 20%, Air-insulated, integrated (Switchgear) – 20%

• Funtunan Inganta Linocin Kasa: Fuse-based protection (RMUs) – 10%, Relay protection (Switchgear) – 10%

• Expandability: Quick connection (RMUs) – 5%, Full cabinet replacement (Switchgear) – 5%

• Mechanisms na Operasha: Manual spring charging (RMUs) – 5%, Electric control (Switchgear) – 5%

• Abubuwan Kayan Aiki: Low maintenance (RMUs) – 5%, High maintenance (Switchgear) – 5%

Analysis: The scoring emphasizes structural features and application scenarios, as they directly determine equipment selection. The 20% weight for structural features reflects the impact of insulation differences on equipment size and space requirements—gas insulation reduces RMU volume by over 35%, a decisive factor in space-constrained urban distribution corridors. The 15% weight for application scenarios highlights the irreplaceability of each device in systems with different reliability needs; for example, data centers require RMUs to build redundant dual-power networks.