I. Muhimmiya da Nuna Tashin Kashiya na Kirkiro
Tashin kashiya na kirkiro yana nufin alamomin da ake samu a cikin hanyoyi na kirkiro ko a cikin tsafta mai kyau wanda kashiya ta fito da tsari na aiki.
Akwai, a zamanin kashiya, idan kashiyan AC (Root Mean Square) ta haɗa zuwa 10% daga tsari da aka bayar kuma ta gama zuwa 1 miniti, zan iya tabbatar da shi da tashin kashiya na kirkiro.
Misali, a hanyoyin 380V na uku na China, idan kashiya ta haɗa zuwa 418V kuma ta gama zuwa lokacin, zan iya sauki da tashin kashiya na kirkiro.
A makarantun PV (Photovoltaic), inverter na kirkiro suna da muhimmanci ga tattalin kashiya na kirkiro a baya-baya.
Inverter suka fi siffar kashiya mai sauƙi don tattalin kashiya na kirkiro a baya-baya. Siffar kashiya suka barin abubuwan kashiya na kirkiro kuma suka ba su zuwa tattalin inverter, wanda ya yi tattalin da tafiya don tabbatar da shi a kan tsari na aiki.
Idan an samu cewa kashiya ta haɗa zuwa tsari na aiki, inverter zan sake faɗa mekanismen daidaita, zaɓe, kuma zama da kirkiro don aji da ainihin abubuwa da ma'aikata.
Kuma, a wasu makarantun PV masu yawan, ana da dabarun tattalin daidaita don tattalin abubuwan kashiya na kirkiro a baya-baya, don inganta tattaunta da tafiya da tashin kashiya na kirkiro.
II. Sabon Tashin Kashiya na Kirkiro
(1) Fasaha: Tushen Cables
Cables bayan inverter da puntu na kirkiro suna da muhimmanci ga tattalin kashiya.
Idan cable ta kasance, tushensa ya haɗa. A cikin hukumomin Ohm (U = I×R), idan kashiya ta kasance, tushen cable ta haɗa, kuma tashin kashiya ta haɗa zuwa yanayin inverter.
Cables masu yawan zai haɗa tushen, kuma tashin kashiya ta haɗa. Misali, a makarantun PV a wurare, idan puntu na kirkiro ta kasance, cables da tsari ba su da shi zai haɗa tashin kashiya na kirkiro.
Idan cables ta kasance, tushen inductance ta haɗa, kuma tashin kashiya ta haɗa.
Tushen Wiring
A lokacin da ake fara makarantu PV, idan wiring na AC ta kasance (misali, neutral terminal ta kasance da live wire), zan iya sauki da tashin kashiya na kirkiro. Wannan zai haɗa inverter ta samu kashiya da ba daidai da kashiya na kirkiro, kuma zan iya faɗa mekanismen daidaita.
Ba a lokacin da inverter ya yi aiki, idan connections na grid-side ta kasance, tushen contact ta haɗa. A cikin hukumomin Joule (Q = I²Rt, inda Q ita ce heat, I ita ce kashiya, R ita ce tushen, da t ita ce lokaci), tushen contact ta haɗa, kuma heat ta haɗa, kuma tashin kashiya ta haɗa zuwa inverter, kuma zan iya faɗa tashin kashiya na kirkiro.
(2) Tsarin Grid da Sabon Fasaha: Yanayin da Tsarin Grid da Sabon Fasaha
A wasu wurare, musamman a wurare masu yawan, idan sabon fasaha da PV ta haɗa zuwa grid, kuma grid ba su iya samun sabon fasaha a baya-baya, tashin kashiya ta haɗa.
Muhimmancin Transformers
Transformers suna da muhimmanci ga conversion da distribution na kashiya:
Idan transformer ta kasance da puntu na kirkiro, kashiya ta haɗa zuwa tsari na aiki. Amma, wannan zai haɗa tashin kashiya na kirkiro a puntu na kirkiro.
Settings da tushen transformers da ba daidai, kuma tushen operational faults (misali, poor contact of the tap changer) zai haɗa tashin kashiya na kirkiro.
(3) Inverter-Related Factors: Initial Settings and Operational Faults
Inverters suna da tsari na aiki daidai. Idan tsari na aiki ba daidai da tsari na grid, inverter zan iya faɗa tashin kashiya na kirkiro.
A lokacin da inverter ya yi aiki, idan hardware ta kasance (misali, damaged voltage sampling circuits, faulty control boards), inverter zan iya samu tashin kashiya na kirkiro, kuma zan iya faɗa tashin kashiya na kirkiro.
Multi-Inverter Connection Issues
A makarantun PV masu yawan, multiple inverters suna taka sama a grid. Idan multiple single-phase inverters suna taka sama a phase, tashin kashiya ta haɗa zuwa phase.
III. Hazards of Voltage Overvoltage Faults to PV Power Stations and the Grid
(1) Damage to PV Power Station Equipment: Increased Risk of Inverter Faults
Idan kashiya ta haɗa zuwa tsari na aiki, components na inverter ta kasance, kuma inverter ta kasance.
Misali, devices na inverter (misali, IGBTs, Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors) ta kasance, kuma inverter ta kasance.
Kuma, tashin kashiya na kirkiro zai haɗa tashin inverter, kuma inverter ta kasance.
Shortened PV Module Lifespan
Kashiya masu yawan zai haɗa tashin modules, kuma modules ta kasance.
(2) Impact on Grid Stability: Deteriorated Power Quality
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