Ga wasu muhimmanci na gaba da za a zama a zan iya zaka don yanayin kujerar daidai?

Kudanci na Zabuwa na Fadada na Circuit Breakers

Zabuwan daidai na fadada na circuit breaker ita ce muhimmanci don inganta amincewa da amana a kan tattalin karamin shugaban gwamnati. A lokacin zabuwar fadada na circuit breaker, yana bukata a duba abubuwa daban-daban don inganta cewa ake iya aiki a cikin tushen da aka tabbatar. Da'a ne abubuwan da suka fi sani a kan zabuwar fadada na circuit breaker:

1. Kirkiro Mafi Tsawo (Rated Voltage)

• Makarantar: Kirkiro mafi tsawo na fadada na circuit breaker shine mafi tsawon kirkiro da za a iya a yi aiki a cikin. Wannan ana kategorize a nan zuwa low voltage (LV), medium voltage (MV), da high voltage (HV) breakers.

• Kudanci na Zabuwa: Kirkiro mafi tsawo na fadada na circuit breaker ya kamata a duba ko kuma zama mafi tsawo da kirkiro na system. Idan kirkiro mafi tsawo na fadada yana zama mafi karfi da kirkiro na system, zai iya haifar da kisan insalatoci da kuma sauka aiki da fault.

2. Kirkiro Mafi Tsawo na Current (In)

• Makarantar: Kirkiro mafi tsawo na current shine mafi tsawon current da fadada na circuit breaker za a iya gaba da aiki a cikin tushen da ake tabbatar.

• Kudanci na Zabuwa: Kirkiro mafi tsawo na fadada na circuit breaker ya kamata a duba mafi tsawon current na system. Tabbas, kirkiro mafi tsawo na fadada ya kamata a zama mafi tsawo da current na mafi load na system don ba da rikitar da kuma haifar da overloading.

3. Short-Circuit Breaking Capacity (Icn)

• Makarantar: Short-circuit breaking capacity shine mafi tsawon current da fadada na circuit breaker za a iya gaba da aiki a lokacin da short-circuit fault yake faru. Wannan shine wani muhimman misali na imkanin da fadada take daɗe a kan protection.

• Kudanci na Zabuwa: Short-circuit breaking capacity na fadada na circuit breaker ya kamata a duba ko kuma zama mafi tsawo da short-circuit current na system. Short-circuit current na system zai iya samun da ake yi aikin short-circuit calculations ko kuma ta haka a yi aikin software na short-circuit analysis.

4. Transient Recovery Voltage (TRV)

• Makarantar: Transient recovery voltage shine kirkiro da aka bari bayan fadada na circuit breaker ta gaba da fault current. Rate of rise da peak value na TRV suna taimakawa wajen inganta imkanin dielectric recovery na fadada.

• Kudanci na Zabuwa: Fadada na circuit breaker ya kamata a iya gaba da mafi tsawon transient recovery voltage na system. Don applications da masu TRV mafi yawa, kamar inductive load switching, ya kamata a zuba fadada da fast dielectric recovery, kamar vacuum breaker.

5. Frequency na Operation

• Makarantar: Frequency na operation shine jumloli da fadada na circuit breaker za a iya yi opening and closing operations a cikin tushen da ake tabbatar. Operations da ma'ana suna haifar da wear and tear, kuma yana haifar da umurin fadada.

• Kudanci na Zabuwa: Don applications da ke buƙaci da operation (kamar motor starting ko capacitor bank switching), ya kamata a zuba fadada na circuit breaker da frequency na operation mafi yawa. Devices masu karfin da kuma snubber circuits suna iya amfani a cikin don haifar da operational stress.

6. Environmental Conditions

• Temperature: Temperature range na operation na fadada na circuit breaker ya kamata a duba climate conditions na installation site. Temperatures masu karfi suna haifar da performance da kuma umurin fadada.

• Humidity and Corrosive Gases: A cikin environments da suka da humidity ko corrosive gases, ya kamata a zuba fadada na circuit breaker da moisture and corrosion protection features, ko kuma a yi additional protective measures.

• Vibration and Shock: A cikin environments da suka da vibration mafi yawa (kamar industrial plants ko railway vehicles), ya kamata a zuba fadada na circuit breaker da anti-vibration design don inganta stability da reliability.

7. Protection Characteristics

• Trip Curve: Trip curve na fadada na circuit breaker shine wanda ya kula da response time na different current levels. Types masu common include thermal-magnetic and electronic. Thermal-magnetic trip units suka daidai wa overload and short-circuit protection, while electronic trip units suna ba da protection characteristics masu precise.

• Selective Protection: Don inganta cewa faults yana haifar da minimum area of equipment, fadada na circuit breakers ya kamata a da selective protection capabilities. By properly configuring the trip curves of upstream and downstream breakers, faults can be accurately located and isolated, preventing widespread outages.

8. Installation Method

• Fixed vs. Drawer-Type: Fixed circuit breakers suka zama a cikin switchgear, while drawer-type breakers suka iya a yi maintenance and replacement via a drawer mechanism. Drawer-type breakers suka daidai wa applications da ke buƙaci da maintenance or replacement.

• Outdoor vs. Indoor: Fadada na circuit breakers da ake zuba a outdoor suka da waterproof and dustproof features, while indoor-installed breakers suka iya a yi design according to specific environmental requirements.

9. Cost and Maintenance

• Initial Cost: Types masu different na circuit breakers (kamar vacuum, SF6, and air) suna da yanayi a price. A lokacin zabuwar fadada, ya kamata a kara balance budget constraints with performance requirements don zuba option da ya fi son cost-effective.

• Maintenance Cost: Wasu circuit breakers sun buƙaci da regular maintenance (e.g., SF6 breakers need gas replenishment), while others (like vacuum breakers) are almost maintenance-free. Maintenance costs suna da muhimmanci a kan process na selection.

10. Certification and Standards

• International Standards: Circuit breakers ya kamata a duba relevant international standards, such as IEC 60947 (for low-voltage switchgear and controlgear) or IEC 62271 (for high-voltage switchgear and controlgear). These standards ensure product quality and safety.

• National or Regional Standards: Depending on local regulations, circuit breakers must also meet national or regional certification standards, such as China's GB standards or Europe's CE mark.

11. Special Application Requirements

• DC Systems: For DC systems, special attention must be paid to the selection of circuit breakers because extinguishing a DC arc is more challenging than an AC arc. Breakers specifically designed for DC applications should be chosen.

• Renewable Energy Systems: In solar, wind, and other renewable energy systems, circuit breakers must adapt to fluctuating power sources and offer rapid response and high reliability.

• Marine and Aerospace Applications: In marine and aerospace environments, circuit breakers must meet specific environmental requirements, such as vibration resistance, shock resistance, and lightweight design.

Conclusion

Zabuwan daidai na fadada na circuit breaker ita ce muhimmanci don a yi comprehensive evaluation of multiple factors, including rated voltage, rated current, short-circuit breaking capacity, transient recovery voltage, operating frequency, environmental conditions, protection characteristics, installation method, cost and maintenance, certification standards, and special application requirements. By carefully assessing these criteria, you can ensure that the selected circuit breaker not only meets the current application needs but also provides long-term stable operation, ensuring the safety and reliability of the power system.