Unsa ang sistema sa proteksyon nga gigamit sa mga transformers?

Ang mga transformer usa ka importante nga komponente sa sistema sa kuryente. Aron siguraduhon ang ilang safe ug reliable nga operasyon, kasagaran sila gigikanan og daghang sistema sa proteksyon. Ang mga sistema kini makakita ug mobati sa daghang klase sa pagkamalasugit ug abnormal nga kondisyon, nagsilbi nga maayo sa pagputli sa suplay sa kuryente aron mapig tanggol ang pagkamalasugit gikan sa mas dako pa. Sumala ania ang pipila ka common nga sistema sa proteksyon sa transformer:

1. Overcurrent Protection

1.1 Instantaneous Overcurrent Protection

• Function: Makakita ug mobati sa short-circuit faults, immediate nga putli sa suplay sa kuryente.

• Application: Angkop para sa quick isolation sa short-circuit faults aron mapig tanggol ang transformer gikan sa overheating ug damage.

1.2 Time-Delay Overcurrent Protection

• Function: Makakita sa sustained overcurrent ug putli sa suplay sa kuryente human sa isip nga delay.

• Application: Angkop para sa handling sa overload conditions, mapig tanggol ang transformer gikan sa overheating sa matagumpay nga panahon.

2. Differential Protection

2.1 Transformer Differential Protection

• Function: Magcompare sa currents sa duha ka bahin sa transformer aron makakita sa internal faults.

• Principle: Sa normal nga kondisyon, ang currents sa duha ka bahin sa transformer dapat equal ug opposite directions. Bisag unsang discrepancy nagpakita og potential nga internal fault.

• Application: Angkop para sa large transformers, capable sa quick detection ug isolation sa internal faults.

3. Gas Protection (Buchholz Relay)

3.1 Light Gas Protection

• Function: Makakita sa small amounts of gas generated inside the transformer ug trigger an alarm.

• Application: Gisulti sa early warning, prompting maintenance personnel to perform inspections.

3.2 Heavy Gas Protection

• Function: Makakita sa large amounts of gas generated inside the transformer ug immediately cuts off the power supply.

• Application: Gisulti sa quick isolation sa severe internal faults, preventing fires and explosions.

4. Temperature Protection

4.1 Winding Temperature Protection

• Function: Monitors the temperature of the transformer windings and triggers an alarm or cuts off the power supply if the temperature exceeds a set value.

• Application: Prevents the transformer from overheating, extending its lifespan.

4.2 Oil Temperature Protection

• Function: Monitors the temperature of the transformer oil and triggers an alarm or cuts off the power supply if the temperature exceeds a set value.

• Application: Prevents the oil from overheating, which can cause insulation materials to degrade and fail.

5. Pressure Protection

5.1 Pressure Relief Protection

• Function: Monitors the internal pressure of the transformer and releases the pressure if it exceeds a set value to prevent explosion.

• Application: Suitable for oil-immersed transformers, ensuring safe pressure release when internal pressure is too high.

6. Insulation Monitoring

6.1 Insulation Resistance Monitoring

• Function: Monitors the insulation resistance of the transformer windings and triggers an alarm if it falls below a set value.

• Application: Early detection of insulation aging or damage, preventing faults.

7. Zero-Sequence Current Protection

7.1 Zero-Sequence Current Protection

• Function: Detects zero-sequence currents in a three-phase system to identify single-phase ground faults.

• Application: Suitable for systems with grounded neutrals, preventing equipment damage due to single-phase ground faults.

8. Voltage Protection

8.1 Overvoltage Protection

• Function: Monitors system voltage and triggers an alarm or cuts off the power supply if the voltage exceeds a set value.

• Application: Prevents insulation breakdown and equipment damage due to overvoltage.

8.2 Undervoltage Protection

• Function: Monitors system voltage and triggers an alarm or cuts off the power supply if the voltage falls below a set value.

• Application: Prevents equipment from malfunctioning due to undervoltage.

9. Non-Electrical Protection

9.1 Oil Level Protection

• Function: Monitors the oil level in the transformer and triggers an alarm if it falls below a set value.

• Application: Prevents reduced cooling efficiency and equipment damage due to low oil levels.

9.2 Oil Chromatography Analysis

• Function: Periodically analyzes the gas content in the transformer oil to detect internal faults.

• Application: Used for early detection of internal faults, guiding maintenance and repairs.

10. Digital Protection

10.1 Microprocessor-Based Protection

• Function: Utilizes microprocessors and intelligent algorithms to integrate multiple protection functions, enhancing the accuracy and reliability of protection.

• Application: Suitable for modern smart grids, enabling remote monitoring and automated protection.

Summary

Ang mga sistema sa proteksyon sa transformer gamiton ang pipila ka metodos aron makakita ug mobati sa daghang klase sa pagkamalasugit ug abnormal nga kondisyon, siguraduhon ang safe ug reliable nga operasyon sa mga transformer. Ang mga sistema kini kinahanglan overcurrent protection, differential protection, gas protection, temperature protection, pressure protection, insulation monitoring, zero-sequence current protection, voltage protection, ug non-electrical protection. Ang pagpili sa sistema sa proteksyon depende sa tipo, capacity, ug application environment sa transformer. Pinaagi niining mga sistema sa proteksyon, ang mga pagkamalasugit sa transformer mahimong maefektibong ipig tanggol ug minimisar, extend ang lifespan sa equipment ug ensure ang stable nga operasyon sa sistema sa kuryente.