Nini ni Integrating Instrument

Maendeleo na Utambulishaji wa Zana za Kutambua

Zana za kutambua zimeundwa kufanya uchunguzi wa nishati yote iliyotumiwa na mzunguko wa umeme kwa muda maalum. Ina chanzo kwa jumla ya nishati iliyotumiwa, bila kujali ubora wa kutumiwa. Mfano muhimu wa zana za kutambua ni mwaka wa watt-hour, ambayo huonyesha nishati kwa watt-hour. Uwezo huu unafanya zana za kutambua kuwa muhimu sana kwa kutatua ukweli wa kutumia nishati kwa mazingira tofauti, chochote katika makazi, biashara, au viwanda.

Aina za Zana za Kutambua

Zana za kutambua zinaweza kutambuliwa kama aina mbili tofauti: saa ya meter na motori ya meter. Aina yoyote inatumia njia rahisi za kutatua nishati ya umeme kwa muda.

Saa ya Meter

Saa ya meter ina mekanizimu maalum wa saa unaohusisha pendulu mbili na seti mbili za magamba. Magamba moja inapata nguvu kutokana na umeme uliofuata kwenye mzunguko, na kingine inapata nguvu kutokana na voltage yenyeji. Magamba ya umeme yanayofuata yanahifadhiwa kwenye eneo lenye upatikanaji, na magamba ya voltage yanayoweza kutengenezwa kwenye pendulu. Waktu mzunguko wa umeme unafanya magamba ya umeme na voltage kunywesha nguvu magnetiki. Nguvu hizi hutumika kwenye pendulu, ikifanya iende. Nguvu ya magneti kutoka kwenye magamba ya umeme yanayofuata yanaweza kurekebisha pendulu, kutengeneza mzunguko wa kiwango kinacholazimika na miundo ya umeme ya mzunguko. Mzunguko huo, kwa wakati, unaweza kutafsiriwa kama uchunguzi wa nishati iliyotumiwa kwa muda, na mekanizimu wa saa unahifadhi muda na kutathmini umeme.

Saa ya Meter (Inaendelea)

Nishati ya magneti kutokana na magamba hunyanyasa pendulu, ikifanya iende nyuma kwenye magamba ya umeme yanayofuata. Tendo hilo linianza mzunguko wa pendulu mbili. Kama pendulu moja inenda mbele, pendulu kingine inapata athari ya kutegemea. Tofauti katika mzunguko wa pendulu hizi hutumika kama tatu ya nishati iliyotumiwa kwenye mzunguko. Kwa kutathmini na kutambua tofauti hizi za mzunguko wa pendulu kwa muda, saa ya meter inaweza kutathmini na kuonyesha nishati iliyotumiwa kwa muda.

Motori ya Meter

Motori ya meter inajulikana kama zana ya imani na faida ya kutatua nishati, ikibawa vibaya katika matumizi mengi. Structurally, it comprises three essential components, each playing a crucial role in its operation:

Mfumo wa Kutatua

Mfumo wa kutatua wa motori ya meter unawezekana kutengeneza nguvu. Nguvu hii ina thamani sawa na umeme uliofuata kwenye mzunguko unaotathmini. Mara umeme unabadilika, nguvu hii inabadilika pia. Nguvu hii inafanya kama nguvu inayomiliki, ikianza mfumo wa kutatua wa meter. Hivyo basi, mfumo wa kutatua unaweza kutumia nishati ya umeme kutokana na umeme kwa nguvu ya utaratibu, ikianza mchakato wa kutatua.

Mfumo wa Kutegemea

Mfumo wa kutegemea unafanya kazi muhimu kutengeneza nguvu ya kutegemea kwenye meter. Nguvu hii ina thamani sawa na kupanda kwa kiwango cha mfumo wa kutatua. Mechanism hii ina hesabu eddy currents. Wakati disc inayozunguka, anayekuwa ndani ya magnetic field ya magnet ya kutosha, eddy currents hizi hutengenezwa. Interacting between the eddy currents and the magnetic field creates the braking torque. This torque acts to counterbalance the driving torque from the operating system, ensuring that the meter operates at a stable, consistent speed. Without an effective braking system, the meter's moving parts would accelerate uncontrollably, leading to inaccurate measurements.

Mfumo wa Kutathmini

Mfumo wa kutathmini unajulikana kwa kutafsirisha mzunguko wa mfumo wa kutatua kwa ukurasa unaoweza kutathmini. Mfumo wa kutatua unahifadhiwa kwenye spindle wenye cut worm. Series of wheels, known as the train of wheels, are connected to the worm-cut spindle via a pinion. As the spindle rotates due to the driving torque from the operating system, the wheels also turn. The spindle is equipped with hands that move across dials, which are calibrated to display energy consumption in various units, such as tens, hundreds, tenths, and so on. This visual representation allows users to easily monitor and record the amount of electrical energy consumed over a given period.

Compared to clock meters, motor meters offer a more cost-effective solution. The intricate design and manufacturing requirements of clock meters contribute to their higher expense. As a result, motor meters have become the instrument of choice in industrial settings, where large-scale and continuous energy measurement is required. Their affordability, combined with their reliable and accurate performance, makes them well-suited for the demanding environment of industrial applications.

Clock Meter Operation and Motor Meter Details

Clock Meter

The magnetic forces generated by the coils exert a pull on the pendulum, compelling it to swing back towards the fixed coils. This action triggers an interaction between the two pendulums. As one pendulum moves forward, the other experiences retardation. The variations in the swinging patterns of these pendulums serve as an indicator of the electrical energy within the circuit. By precisely measuring these discrepancies in pendulum motion, the clock meter can accurately determine the cumulative energy consumed over a specific period.

Motor Meter

The motor meter is a widely-utilized instrument for energy measurement, owing to its reliability and efficiency. It is composed of three integral components, each playing a distinct and crucial role in its functionality:

Operating System

The operating system of the motor meter is engineered to generate torque that is directly proportional to the electrical current flowing through the measured circuit. This torque acts as the driving force, setting the moving system of the meter in motion. As the current fluctuates, the torque produced by the operating system adjusts accordingly, ensuring that the meter's movement accurately reflects the electrical energy input. In essence, the operating system converts electrical energy from the current into mechanical rotational energy, initiating the energy-measurement process.

Braking System

The braking system serves a vital function by inducing a braking torque that is directly related to the rotational speed of the moving system. This braking torque is generated through the induction of eddy currents. When the moving disc, situated within the magnetic field of a permanent magnet, rotates, eddy currents are induced. The interaction between these eddy currents and the magnetic field gives rise to the braking torque. This torque acts as a counterforce to the driving torque from the operating system, maintaining the meter at a steady rotational speed. Without an effective braking system, the moving parts of the meter would accelerate uncontrollably, leading to inaccurate energy measurements.

Registering System

The registering system is responsible for translating the rotational motion of the moving system into a quantifiable and readable display of energy consumption. The moving system is mounted on a worm-cut spindle. A series of wheels, known as the train of wheels, are connected to the worm-cut spindle via a pinion mechanism. As the spindle rotates due to the driving torque from the operating system, the wheels turn in tandem. The spindle is equipped with indicator hands that sweep across calibrated dials, which are marked to display energy consumption in various units, such as tens, hundreds, tenths, and so forth. This visual representation enables users to easily monitor and record the amount of electrical energy consumed over time.

Given the relatively high cost associated with clock meters, primarily due to their complex design and manufacturing requirements, motor meters have become the instrument of choice in industrial settings. Their cost-effectiveness, combined with their ability to provide accurate and consistent energy measurements, makes them well-suited for the demanding and large-scale energy-monitoring needs of industries.