Gwargwadon Karamin Shamsi

Jamiyar Kirki na Rarraba Tsarin Arziki

Yamata da kuka da kayan kirki ko zafi don kawo rarrabi zuwa sabon tukar da ya yi magana, wanda yake gina tsarin arziki.

Jamiyar kirki na rarraba tsarin arziki shi ne jamiyar CSP mai yawa wanda yamata da kuka da kayan kirki ko zafi don kawo rarrabi zuwa sabon tukar da ya yi magana, wanda yake gina tsarin arziki. Jamiyar kirki na rarraba tsarin arziki ana iya haɗa da abubuwa masu, kamar:

•   Samun Kirki:Wadannan su ne abubuwan da suke cika ko sun kawo rarrabi zuwa sabon tukar. Samun kirki suka ci gaba da nisa: parabolic troughs, parabolic dishes, linear Fresnel reflectors da central receivers. Parabolic troughs su ne mirayoyi mai kyau wanda suke kawo rarrabi zuwa sabon tukar mai tsari da ke karkashin kayan samun. Parabolic dishes su ne mirayoyi mai kyau wanda suke kawo rarrabi zuwa sabon tukar mai tsari a karkashin kayan samun. Linear Fresnel reflectors su ne mirayoyi mai tsari wanda suke kawo rarrabi zuwa sabon tukar mai tsari a kan ƙarshe. Central receivers su ne tushen da suke kama da jerin mirayoyi mai tsari wanda ake kira heliostats, wanda suke kawo rarrabi zuwa sabon tukar a karkashin tushen.

• Sabon Tukar:  Wadannan su ne abubuwan da suke cika rarraban rarraba da suke kara ita zuwa fluid for heat transfer (HTF). Sabon tukar suka ci gaba da nisa: external receivers da internal receivers. External receivers suke fitowa a kan hawa da suke shiga rarraba da ya ɗaukace saboda convection da radiation. Internal receivers suke takawa a kan vacuum chamber da suke shiga rarraba da ya ɗaukace saboda insulation da evacuation.

• Fluid for heat transfer: Wadannan su ne fluids wanda suke girma zuwa sabon tukar da suke kara ita zuwa power block. Fluid for heat transfer suka ci gaba da nisa: thermal fluids da molten salts. Thermal fluids su ne organic liquids kamar synthetic oils ko hydrocarbons wanda suke da high boiling points da low freezing points. Molten salts su ne inorganic compounds kamar sodium nitrate ko potassium nitrate wanda suke da high heat capacity da low vapor pressure.

• Power block: Wani ya fi tsarin arziki daga rarraba da yan yi magana da turbine ko engine da ya yi magana da generator. Power block suka ci gaba da nisa: steam cycle da Brayton cycle. Steam cycle yake amfani da water as HTF da ya yi steam wanda yake gina steam turbine da ya yi magana da electric generator. Brayton cycle yake amfani da air as HTF da ya yi hot air wanda yake gina gas turbine da ya yi magana da electric generator.

• Storage system: Wadannan su ne abubuwan da suke sakata rarraban rarraba don amfani a lokacin da ba a baka rarraba ko a lokacin da akwai high load demand. Storage systems suka ci gaba da nisa: sensible heat storage da latent heat storage. Sensible heat storage yake amfani da materials kamar rocks, water, ko molten salts wanda suke sakata rarraba ta hanyar increasing their temperature without changing their phase. Latent heat storage yake amfani da materials kamar phase change materials (PCMs) ko thermochemical materials (TCMs) wanda suke sakata rarraba ta hanyar changing their phase or chemical state without changing their temperature.

  
  

Takalma na jamiyar kirki na rarraba tsarin arziki yana da muhimmanci ga wasu abubuwa, kamar site conditions, system size, design objectives, da grid requirements. Amma, takalma mai tsari yana da uku abubuwa: collection field, power block, da storage system.

Collection field yana da samun kirki, sabon tukar, da HTFs wanda suke cika da kara ita zuwa power block.Power block yana da turbines, engines,generators da wasu abubuwan da suke gina tsarin arziki daga rarraba.Storage system yana da tanks, vessels, da wasu abubuwan da suke sakata rarraba don amfani a lokaci.

Girman jamiyar kirki na rarraba tsarin arziki yana da muhimmanci ga wasu abubuwa, kamar weather conditions, load demand, da grid status. Amma, girman mai tsari yana da uku modes: charging mode, discharging mode, da grid-tie mode.

Charging mode yana faru a lokacin da akwai rarraban rarraba mai yawa da low load demand. A wannan mode, samun kirki suke kawo rarrabi zuwa sabon tukar wanda suke gina HTF. HTF yana girma zuwa power block ko storage system, depending on the system configuration and control strategy.

Discharging mode yana faru a lokacin da ba a baka rarraba ko a lokacin da akwai high load demand. A wannan mode, HTF yana girma zuwa power block, inda yake gina steam ko hot air wanda yake gina turbine ko engine da ya yi tsarin arziki.

Grid-tie mode yana faru a lokacin da akwai grid availability da favorable tariff rates. A wannan mode, tsarin arziki da ake gina da power block zai iya kara zuwa grid through a transformer and a switch. Grid-tie mode zai iya faru a lokacin da akwai grid outage, da kuma backup power is needed. A wannan mode, tsarin arziki da ake gina da power block zai iya amfani da loads through an inverter and a switch.