Sakamako: Tsarin Haɗa da Kudin (An Sanya Nidauniya)
Mai solar cell shi ne?
A solar cell (ko kuma ake kira photovoltaic cell ko PV cell) shine wani abu mai jirgin ruwa da ya yi aiki a taka energy na tsohuwar ruwa zuwa energy mai sharhi don samun photovoltaic effect. Solar cell ba ta fi dacewa da p-n junction diode. Solar cells suna cikin abubuwan photoelectric cell, wadannan abubuwa suna da kyakkyawan electrical characteristics – kamar current, voltage, ko resistance – zai canzawa idan an sanya da tsohuwar ruwa.
Solar cells masu kasa suka gudana don bincika modules da ake kira solar panels. Wani single junction silicon solar cell yadda yake iya bayarwa mafi girma da voltage mai zarra-zarrance ga 0.5 zuwa 0.6 volts. Bisa ga wannan ba ta fi dace ba – amma hasashen solar cells suna da kyau. Idan an gudana a matsayin solar panel mai yawa, za a iya bayar da muhimman energy mai sarrafa.
Bayanin Solar Cell
Solar cell shine wani p-n junction diode, amma bayanin da ya faruwa yana da wahala na biyu da p-n junction diodes na musamman. Wani tsari mai yawa na p-type semiconductor ana faruwa a cikin n-type semiconductor mai yawa. Ana sanya a few finer electrodes a tsakiyar p-type semiconductor layer.
Wadannan electrodes ba su iya kan tsohuwar ruwa zuwa tsari mai yawa na p-type. Daga kasa na p-type layer akwai p-n junction. Ana sanya a current collecting electrode a tsakiyar n-type layer. Ana gudanar da duk assembly da glass mai yawa don kunshi solar cell daga sakamako.
Prinsipin Aiki na Solar Cell
Idan tsohuwar ruwa ya haɗa a p-n junction, photons mai tsohuwar ruwa suna iya haɗa a cikin junction, tun daga tsari mai yawa na p-type. Energy mai tsohuwar ruwa, a hakan da photons, ta ba junction da energy mai yawa don kawo electron-hole pairs. Tsohuwar ruwa mai haɗa ta kawo thermal equilibrium condition na junction. Electrons mai yawa a depletion region suka haɗa a nan side na junction.
Duk da haka, holes a depletion suka haɗa a p-type side na junction. Idan electrons mai yawa suka haɗa a nan side, ba su iya haɗa a cikin junction saboda barrier potential na junction.
Duk da haka, holes mai yawa idan suka haɗa a p-type side ba su iya haɗa a cikin junction saboda barrier potential na junction. Idan concentration of electrons ya fi yawa a nan side, yadda nan side na junction, da concentration of holes ya fi yawa a p-type side, yadda p-type side na junction, p-n junction zai yi nasara a hakan da battery cell mai yawa. An setta voltage wanda ake kira photo voltage. Idan ake sanya load mai yawa across the junction, za a iya samun current mai yawa a cikin ita.
V-I Characteristics of a Photovoltaic Cell
Abubuwan Da Ake Amfani Da Su a Solar Cell
Abubuwan da ake amfani da su a hakan da za su iya da band gap close to 1.5ev. Abubuwan da ake amfani da su a hakan:
Silicon.
GaAs.
CdTe.
CuInSe2
Malami na Abubuwan Da Ake Amfani Da Su a Solar Cell
Yana da band gap from 1ev zuwa 1.8ev.
Yana da high optical absorption.
Yana da high electrical conductivity.
Raw material yana da yawa da cost of the material yana da yawa.
Fadada Solar Cell
Ba ake da sauka da ita ba.
Yana da yawa da kalmomin lokaci.
Ba ake da cost of maintenance ba.
Madubi na Solar Cell
Cost of installation yana da yawa.
Efficiency yana da yawa.
A ranar harshe, ba za a iya bayar da energy, kuma a ranar ce, ba za a iya samun energy.
Amfani Da Solar Generation Systems
Za a iya amfani da ita don charge batteries.
Amfani da ita a light meters.
Amfani da ita don power calculators and wrist watches.
Za a iya amfani da ita a spacecraft don bayar da electrical energy.
Kowa: Mai kyau, solar cell na da wasu madubi, amma waɗannan madubi zai iya zama daidai a lokacin da teknologi ya ci gaba. Saboda haka, cost of solar plates, da kuma cost of installation, zai zama da yawa har zuwa hankali da duk mutum. Kuma gwamnati tana taba da yawa da energy mai sarrafa, kuma a lokacin da take gama, za a iya taba da cewa duk household da kuma system mai sharhi yana cutar da energy mai sarrafa ko renewable energy source.
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