Farkwa da dama daga TT zuwa TN

A cikin littattafai karamin zafi, hada (grounding) ita ce masu muhimmanci don inganta hankali da karamin zafi da mutanen. Kamar yadda wani abu na mafi girman zafi da karamin zafi (kamar fadada metal) suka haɗa da tsakiyar duniya, za su iya gaba littattafai karamin zafi zuwa farkon nau'o'i. Farkon nau'o'in da suke so kuɗi sun hada da cikin TN da TT. Yanayin da ke bayarawa a waɗannan nau'o'iyoyi shi ne kamar yadda wani abu na mafi girman zafi ya haɗa da tsakiyar duniya da kamar yadda karamin zafi suka haɗa da tsakiyar duniya.

1. Nau'o'i TN

Takaitaccen: A cikin nau'o'i TN, wani abu na mafi girman zafi ya haɗa da tsakiyar duniya, sannan karamin zafi suka haɗa da sassan haɗa kan zafi (PE line). "T" a cikin TN tana nufin haɗa da tsakiyar duniya, "N" tana nufin cewa karamin zafi suka haɗa da sassan haɗa kan zafi (PE line).

1.1 Nau'o'i TN-C

Muhimman: A cikin nau'o'i TN-C, sassan haɗa kan zafi (N line) da sassan haɗa kan zafi (PE line) suka fi shirya a cikin sassan wata ake kira PEN line. PEN line tana yi aiki a matsayin hanyar da maƙo suka haɗa da karamin zafi da kuma a matsayin haɗa kan zafi.

Zanfofin:

• Tsarin da yake mai sauƙi da sadarwa mai kadan.

• Yana da muhimmanci a cikin sassan wajen karamin zafi ko a cikin sassan wajen karamin zafi.

Dabbobi:

• Idan PEN line ta yi karfi, duk karamin zafi ta yi rike haɗa kan zafi, wanda yake da alama da aikin hankali.

• Ya kamata lalacewar tsari suka faru saboda PEN line tana yi aiki a matsayin hanyar da maƙo suka haɗa da karamin zafi da kuma haɗa kan zafi, wanda yake da alama da aikin karamin zafi.

1.2 Nau'o'i TN-S

Muhimman: A cikin nau'o'i TN-S, sassan haɗa kan zafi (N line) da sassan haɗa kan zafi (PE line) suka fi kusa. N line tana yi aiki a matsayin hanyar da maƙo suka haɗa da karamin zafi, PE line tana yi aiki a matsayin haɗa kan zafi.

Zanfofin:

• Ingantaccen hankali: Idan N line ta yi karfi, PE line tana bincika, wanda yake da alama da aikin haɗa kan zafi.

• Ingantaccen lalacewar tsari: Saboda N line da PE line suka fi kusa, ba sa kaɗai maƙo suka haɗa da PE line.

• Yana da muhimmanci a cikin sassan industrial, commercial, da kuma sassan makarantar da sassan karamin zafi mai yawa.

Dabbobi:

Sadarwa mai yawa saboda amsa a yi PE line.

1.3 Nau'o'i TN-C-S

Muhimman: A cikin nau'o'i TN-C-S, wata ɗaya na cikin nau'o'i tana da muhimmanci a cikin TN-C, wata ɗaya tana da muhimmanci a cikin TN-S. A cikin wata ɗaya, sassan zafi tana da muhimmanci a cikin TN-C, a cikin wata ɗaya PEN line tana fi kusa a matsayin N da PE lines.

Zanfofin:

• Sadarwa mai kadan saboda nau'o'i TN-S, yana da muhimmanci a cikin sassan wajen karamin zafi mai yawa.

• A cikin wata ɗaya, kusan N da PE lines tana inganta hankali.

Dabbobi:

Idan PEN line ta yi karfi a cikin wata ɗaya, zan iya kasance aikin hankali a cikin nau'o'i duka.

2. Nau'o'i TT

Takaitaccen: A cikin nau'o'i TT, wani abu na mafi girman zafi ya haɗa da tsakiyar duniya, sannan karamin zafi suka haɗa da tsakiyar duniya a matsayin sassan haɗa kan zafi. Duka "T" a cikin TT tana nufin haɗa da tsakiyar duniya.

2.1 Muhimman

Haɗa kan zafi a cikin sassan zafi: Wani abu na mafi girman zafi ya haɗa da tsakiyar duniya, wanda yake da alama da tsari mai yawa.

Haɗa kan zafi a cikin karamin zafi: Karamin zafi tana da sassan haɗa kan zafi mai sarrafa, wanda yake haɗa da tsakiyar duniya, ba a matsayin sassan haɗa kan zafi (PE line).

Mechanismi na inganta hankali: Idan karamin zafi tana samun yanayi, maƙo tana haɗa da tsakiyar duniya, wanda yake da alama da yanayi mai yawa, wanda yake da alama da haɗa kan zafi.

2.2 Zanfofin

• Ingantaccen hankali: Karamin zafi tana da sassan haɗa kan zafi mai sarrafa, idan wata ɗaya tana yi karfi, sassan haɗa kan zafi na biyu tana bincika.

• Yana da muhimmanci a cikin sassan wajen karamin zafi mai sarrafa, kamar yadda ake yi a cikin sassan rural, farms, temporary buildings, da kuma sassan wajen karamin zafi mai sarrafa.

• Ingantaccen isolation: Idan wata ɗaya tana yi karfi, sassan haɗa kan zafi na biyu tana bincika, wanda yake da alama da aikin hankali.

2.3 Dabbobi

• Sadacewa mai yawa: Don inganta hankali, sassan haɗa kan zafi tana da sadacewa mai yawa (typically less than 10Ω), wanda yake da alama da sadarwa mai yawa.

• Lalacewar tsari: Idan karamin zafi tana samun yanayi, tsari tana faru, wanda yake da alama da aikin karamin zafi.

• Sadacewa mai yawa: Nau'o'i TT tana bukatar RCDs mai yawa don inganta hankali.

3. Kwamfuta daga Nau'o'i TN da TT

4. Zabi daga Nau'o'i TN da TT

Zabin da ke bayarwa a waɗannan nau'o'iyoyi shi ne kamar yadda ake yi aikin hankali, installation conditions, da kuma sadarwa: Nau'o'i TN: Yana da muhimmanci a cikin sassan urban grids, industrial plants, commercial buildings, da kuma sassan makarantar. Nau'o'i TN-S tana da muhimmanci a cikin sassan modern buildings. Nau'o'i TT: Yana da muhimmanci a cikin sassan rural areas, farms, temporary buildings, da kuma mobile equipment. Ingantaccen hankali da isolation tana da muhimmanci, amma ake bukata sadacewa mai yawa da RCDs.

Kwamfuta

Duka nau'o'iyoyi TN da TT tana da zanfofin da dabbobi. Zabin da ke bayarwa a waɗannan nau'o'iyoyi shi ne kamar yadda ake yi aikin hankali, installation conditions, da kuma sadarwa. Nau'o'i TN tana da muhimmanci a cikin sassan centralized power supply systems, nau'o'i TN-S tana da muhimmanci a cikin sassan modern buildings. Nau'o'i TT tana da muhimmanci a cikin sassan decentralized power supply systems, amma ake bukata sadacewa mai yawa da RCDs.