Pangutana sa Efektiwidad sa Pagsulay sa Field sa Pad-Mounted Transformers

1. Pagpahilom

Arangkada ang kalidad sa mga serbisyo sa pagdala og kuryente, ang sistema sa kuryente nagpadayon sa pagsulay ug pag-ugmad sa mga transformer. Isip usa ka high-end ug advanced nga gamit, ang mga pad-mounted transformers adunay daghan na gipanggamit sa sistema sa kuryente sa katapusan nga tuig. Partikular sa mga lugar sama sa Mexico para sa mga proyekto nga may voltage level nga 23kV, sila importante tungod sa ilang unang nga bulag. Ang relatyibong matagamtam nga oras sa pag-install ug konstruksyon, hangtod sa isang ka tinuod, mi-limitahan ang ilang pag-ablihan. Kini nga, ang dili paubos nga pagtuon sa mga paagi aron mapadako ang oras sa pag-install ug maayo pang kapanguhaan kay importante sa pagpromote sa large-scale nga paggamit sa mga pad-mounted transformers (ang kinahanglan mobati sa lokal nga standards sama sa NOM certification).

2. Katungod ug Prinsipyos sa Pad-mounted Transformers

Ang mga pad-mounted transformers karakterisado ngadto sa gamay nga lawas, portability, ug gamay nga ingon, uban sa taas nga level sa automation. Sila magamit sa usa ka fully sealed ug intelligent design concept, nga nimo-agad nga setting sa operating parameters aron mapresyiso kontrolhon ang humidity ug temperatura sa sulod ug labaw sa tank, nagtagbali sa safe operation. Sa aspeto sa pag-improve sa kalidad sa kuryente, ang ilang capacitor banks adunay taas nga rate sa commissioning, nga makaepektibo kontrolhon ang power loss sa sistema sa kuryente. Ang electrical load sa high-voltage end gi-control pinaagi sa dedicated switch, suporta sa load-carrying switching. Ang switch mahimo nga i-close electrically, makatubag sa automatic operation sa distribution network. Giya, ang pipila ka mga produkto gibag-o sa seismic design, nga gihatagan sila ka suitable sa construction needs sa earthquake-prone areas sama sa Mexico.

3. Problemas sa Paggamit sa Pad-mounted Transformers
3.1 Environmental ug Livelihood Impacts

Ang layout points sa pad-mounted transformers espesyal, kasagaran gihimani sa densely populated areas (sama sa center sa residential areas, core areas sa building complexes, ug both sides sa roads). Ang noise ug pollution giproduce sa panahon sa konstruksyon ug operasyon mao ang posible nga makaapekto sa palibot nga environment ug sa kinabuhi sa mga residente. Pinaagi sa distribution network projects sa mga syudad sa Mexico, kini nga, kini nga 23kV pad-mounted transformers mogenera og long-term construction disturbances sa mga residente, mao ang makakaplag sa complaints, kini nga, kinahanglan mopadayon sa oras sa konstruksyon ug pagbawas sa impact.

3.2 Chain Problems sa Foundation Construction

Ang tradisyonal nga cast-in-place concrete foundation construction nangangailangan sa excavation sa municipal facilities ug stacking sa basic materials ug electrical equipment, nga may malaking impact sa construction site, area, ug external traffic, nahadlok sa mga residente nga travel ug traffic safety. Sa pipila ka mga syudad sa Mexico nga may dense municipal facilities, kini nga construction gigikanan usab sa additional coordination sa pipeline relocation, nagpahimutok pa sa progress.

3.3 Limitations sa Construction Methods

Ang lumad nga estilo sa construction adunay matagamtam nga cycle gikan sa foundation construction hangtod sa completion (usual 13 days), nga limita ang scope sa paggamit sa equipment ug construction scale, making it difficult to give full play to the advantages of pad-mounted transformers. In the context of the rapid progress of power construction in Mexico, the inefficient construction mode cannot meet the needs of large-scale distribution network upgrading.

3.4 Safety and Cost Hidden Dangers

During the construction of cast-in-place concrete foundations, if the warning signs are unclear or the enclosures are damaged, it is easy to cause safety accidents such as pedestrians being injured or straying into the construction site, increasing construction risks and costs. Mexico has strict supervision over construction safety, and such problems will lead to high penalties and construction delays.

3.5 Difficulties in Transformation and Operation Maintenance

The project of pad-mounted transformers includes capacity-increasing transformation, which requires long-term power outages, affecting residents' electricity consumption and the quality of power supply services. Failures are also likely to occur during later operation maintenance and repair, increasing construction difficulties. Mexico has high requirements for power supply reliability, and the expansion of the power outage range will seriously affect people's livelihoods and commercial activities. To sum up, although pad-mounted transformers have advantages when selected in urban centers (such as in Mexican urban areas), the disadvantages such as long construction periods hinder their promotion. Shortening the installation time has become the key to giving play to their advantages and realizing efficient construction management.

4. Analysis of the Reasons for the Long Installation and Construction Period of Pad-mounted Transformers

The installation of pad-mounted transformers generates noise and dust, interfering with the living environment. The traditional cast-in-place concrete foundation construction involves the excavation of public facilities, occupying space and hindering traffic, with a cycle of 12-15 days, which is likely to cause illegal entry of residents and vehicles, increasing risks.

The traditional cast-in-place foundation construction has many procedures. Foundation excavation accounts for 8%, pouring and curing account for 84%, and electrical installation accounts for 8%. Optimizing the foundation form is the core entry point to solve the problem of long installation time. Especially in Mexico, where NOM certification and seismic design requirements need to be met, higher standards are put forward for foundation selection.

5. Strategies for Efficient On-site Installation of Power Pad-mounted Transformers
5.1 Prepare Well Before Installation

To achieve efficient installation, equipment preparation should be done in advance. Inspect the equipment and materials of the pad-mounted transformer. According to the model and capacity (such as the 23kV level), select accessories with low loss, high performance, and suitable for Mexican NOM certification and local needs. Review materials according to new specifications and industry standards, prepare design drawings, and for positions to be accepted (such as areas vulnerable to rainwater erosion), do waterproofing and facility reinforcement in advance according to the drawings, and test the compressed components. Call technical personnel to re-measure the performance of the transformer and its accessories to ensure they meet the design standards, creating conditions for construction. Also, pay attention to the details of seismic design to adapt to local geological conditions.

5.2 Optimize the Foundation Form

The foundations of pad-mounted transformers can be brick-concrete, steel structure, or precast concrete components, each with its own advantages and disadvantages:

5.2.1 Brick-concrete Foundation

It is convenient for construction and operation, but it takes 3 days for curing. It has weak tensile and crack-resistance, high brittleness, and is easily damaged under overload. The wear resistance of rusted components is poor, and it is prone to cracking under large temperature differences. It is difficult to adapt to Mexican 23kV pad-mounted transformer projects that require seismic design and high foundation stability.

5.2.2 Steel Structure Foundation

It is light in weight, can be welded and formed for direct installation, shortening the cycle. However, it has poor water resistance. Its strength and toughness drop sharply under a temperature difference of 300℃, and it is prone to embrittlement and fracture at low temperatures. The cost is high (the cost of the pad-mounted transformer foundation is 20% higher). In the long-term outdoor operation environment (such as the open-air environment in Mexico), it is easily deformed and damaged due to temperature and humidity changes, affecting structural safety. Additional anti-corrosion and seismic strengthening are required, increasing costs and difficulties.

5.2.3 Precast Concrete Foundation

It has significant advantages in Mexican 23kV pad-mounted transformer projects and scenarios requiring NOM certification and seismic design: Factory prefabrication ensures the stability of the structural mechanical properties with small discreteness; the components are pre-formed and delivered to the site, reducing on-site processing time; the quality is excellent, the surface is smooth, meeting the standards of fair-faced concrete decoration, and coordinating with the building; factory production reduces pollution, meeting the requirements of ecological construction. It can also be optimized through seismic design to adapt to earthquake-prone areas.

5.2.4 Determine the Precast Concrete Foundation Scheme

For the construction of pad-mounted transformers, the precast concrete foundation has outstanding advantages, which can shorten the prefabrication time and avoid the disadvantages of on-site pouring. When determining the scheme, refer to the size, weight of the pad-mounted transformer, and the prefabrication requirements of the electrical system for civil engineering (such as the load and seismic parameters of the 23kV level), combine with the practical experience, transportation, and land use conditions of the construction area in Mexico, analyze the feasibility of transporting precast components, estimate the cost and cycle of the overall scheme, and ensure that it meets NOM certification and local construction specifications.

Practice shows that the overall precast concrete foundation (meeting seismic design) can improve construction efficiency, overcome the long time of on-site pouring, effectively control the schedule risks, and has high application value in Mexican power projects.

5.3 Master the Accurate Construction Process

To improve installation efficiency, strict adherence to the process is required: approval, wiring, embedding, and installation. When connecting to the construction site, the enclosures around the pad-mounted substation must meet the engineering and construction-related standards; the equipment acceptance must conform to the construction site (such as in Mexico) and the national grid standards; after completion, test the relay instruments, and if the grounding does not meet the standards, add grounding electrodes and buses to ensure grounding performance.

Before installation, the strength of the precast concrete foundation must reach 70% of the design value. Inspect the transformer and its components for no damage, and do a good job in maintenance and repair; accurately measure and set out, pay attention to key positions, prepare quality control measures and strictly implement them, ensure construction quality, and promote the efficient progress of installation, improving the on-site construction efficiency of pad-mounted transformers (adapting to 23kV, NOM certification, and seismic design).

6. Advantages of Using Precast Concrete Structure Foundations

The precast concrete foundation overcomes the disadvantages such as the stacking of cast-in-place resources and high construction difficulty, reduces construction risks, maintains the cleanliness of the site, and reduces environmental pollution. It is composed of precast components, is low-carbon and environmentally friendly, efficient and fast, shortens the construction period, and meets the requirements of

ecological construction. It is suitable for regions like Mexico with high requirements for environmental protection, construction efficiency, and equipment standards (such as NOM certification and seismic design), facilitating the promotion of pad-mounted transformers.

7. Conclusion

As an advanced equipment, power pad-mounted transformers have broad application prospects in the power systems of regions like Mexico. During installation and construction, on the premise of ensuring quality and functions (adapting to 23kV voltage, meeting NOM certification, and having seismic design), it is necessary to shorten the cycle and improve efficiency. Starting from the optimization of the foundation form, the precast concrete foundation, with its advantages of high efficiency, safety, and high quality, provides support for the large-scale promotion of pad-mounted transformers, promoting the efficient development of power distribution network construction and better adapting to the power needs of different regions (especially regions like Mexico with special standards and geological conditions).