Tattalin Yadda a Kammala Tabbatarwa na Gwaji da Farkon Inganci a Tsakiyar 6kV ta Makarantun Kirkiro

Saboda ingancin lokaci da karkashin zinde ta hanyar gida, manajan da take kan 6kV na tafkin masu aiki 6 na wata jirgin ruwa na musamman suna da hadadi masu rausa kalmomi, abubuwan da ba su dace da kusan karfiyar kofin da suka fi sani, da kuma nasara cikakken al'amuran da suka shafi. Wannan hadadai sun yi rausa ga aiki mai zurfi na tafki, wanda yake da kyau zuwa fagen. Amma idan muna neman abubuwan da aka samu a nan bayan wasu muhimmin mutane suka rauni sauya da wuraren kamar yadda ake koyi waɗansu na madada, an yi takaitaccen kofin da ke da ilimi. An fito programin kontrollo na ilimi a kan ECMS da ke da shi, an sanya cikin maƙafofin da suka haifar da shiga/kwance, tattaunawa, da kuma tattalin arziki don in iya yi amfani da butuɗi ko kuma tattaunawa na darasi, inda yawancin mutane za su dogara daga gida da suka yi aiki domin in bincike damar aiki.

1. Ingantacce Mai Yawa Na Fagen Da Kofin Ilimi

Kofin ilimi yana iya tattauna parametolin elektriko na abubuwan da ke da shi tun daga duk biyu a kan kontrollo, tattaunawa, da kuma al'amurarin tattalin arziki. Ana amfani da maƙafofin da suka haifar da shiga/kwance, tattaunawa, da kuma kofin karfiyar kofin da suka haifar da shiga/kwance, don in iya yi aiki na ilimi. Wannan fagen ya kunshi biyu na abubuwan da su dace: "ilimin aiki" da "tattaunawa masu darasi". Ana samun al'amurarin tattalin arziki na harmoni da kuma tattaunawa masu ilimi na motori don in iya saukar da yanayin darasi na abubuwan da ke da shi. Idan akwai abubuwan da ba su dace kamar tattalin jiha na kabilon da suka haifar da shiga, kasa na maƙafofin, darashe na kofin, da kuma kadan masu ilimi na motori, ana yi tattaunawa da kuma tattalin arziki a nan bayan al'adun tattalin arziki, don in iya ba da taimaka ga damar aiki na abubuwan da ke da shi.

2. Tarihin Fagen Da Kofin Ilimi
(1) Gargajiya Ilimin Aiki

An fito programin kontrollo na ilimi a kan ECMS da ke da shi. Saboda MRC units na ABB na da shi a nan yana da kyau da hard wiring, don in iya rage costin haɗin kabilon da kuma abubuwan da ke da tattaunawa da kontrollo, an amfani da Wislink2000 industrial switch a kan ECMS don in iya tattalika da WDZ - 5200 series integrated protection devices na mafi girman sama a kan kofin tun daga RS485. Sannan an sanya protection devices zuwa MRC units tun daga hard wiring. A nan, an yi amfani da funktiyonin electric operation na circuit breakers/contactors da kuma earthing switches, wanda ya rage kontrollo linki da kuma ci gaban damar aiki.

(2) Tattaunawa Masu Darasi Da Zaman Lissafin Aiki Da Iya Bincike

A nan tattaunawa masu darasi, ana sanya cikin maƙafofin da suka haifar da tattaunawa na jiha na kabilon da suka haifar da shiga, da kuma tattaunawa na darasi na kofin, da kuma samun al'amurarin tattalin arziki na harmoni da kuma tattaunawa masu ilimi na motori. Tun daga MyRemoteCare system na ABB, ana tattauna yanayin darasi na abubuwan da ke da shi a nan lokacin, da kuma in iya tabbatar da tsawon karamin abubuwan da ke da shi. Tun hakan, lissafin aiki da iya bincike za su ci gaban da "preventive maintenance" zuwa "proactive predictive management", wanda yake rage tsawon karamin abubuwan da ke da shi, da kuma in iya ba da damar aiki mai zurfi na tafki.

3. Bayanan Functiyonin Ilimin Aiki
(1) Full Electric Drive Protection Mechanism

Kofin ya kasance da maƙafofin da suka haifar da shiga/kwance na ilimi. Idan akwai abubuwan da ba su dace kamar kasa, an yi tasiri a nan output current na motori, wanda yake jagoranci programin protection don in iya kwalbar power na motori, kwallaye electric operation, da kuma faɗinsa indicator light na rausa game da kuma in iya rage karamin kasa mai tsawo.

Don electric operation na circuit breaker/contactor handcart da kuma earthing switch, design ya kunshi:

• Handcart Electric Switching: An yi fitowa drive motor a kan chassis na handcart don in iya tow handcart body between working position and test position. An sanya intelligent monitoring unit with anti-stall function don in iya rage misjudgment na mechanical faults na handcart; idan akwai nasarar motori, yana automatically protect motori da drive mechanism, da kuma indicator light na rausa game da kuma alarm signal issued.

• Earthing Switch Interlocking: Electric operation na earthing switch yana interlock da circuit breaker/contactor handcart. Full electric operation mode na handcart da earthing switch yana rage damar aiki, da kuma in iya ba da damar aiki na operatori—operatori ba za su dogara daga switch room don in yi aiki a nan lokacin, rage waiting time na load switching, da kuma in iya rage personal injury na failures.

(2) Programmed Operation Logic

• One-button Sequential Operation: Idan an samu command na closing na circuit breaker, system yana automatically open earthing switch first, sannan electrically rack in circuit breaker handcart; after handcart is in place, closing operation can be executed from DCS (opening operation is reversed). It supports remote switching of switchgear among earthing maintenance, cold standby, hot standby, and operation states to achieve sequential control.

• Operation Mode Requirements: Equipped with electric operation devices for circuit breakers/contactors and earthing switches, as well as full-process visual monitoring devices, to achieve remote visualization of circuit breakers and earthing switches for intuitive operation status tracking and daily business management. It meets safety operation and maintenance requirements, enabling remote or local centralized control; manual and electric operations can be freely switched and interlocked to ensure operation safety.

4. Bayanan Functionin Tattaunawa Masu Darasi
(1) Real-time Diagnosis Based on Load Changes

To timely identify potential equipment defects and hidden hazards, issue early warnings, prevent problem escalation, and reduce the probability of unexpected power outages, wireless radio frequency technology is adopted to real-time collect and monitor parameters such as temperature rise of switch contacts/lead terminals and switch dynamic characteristic asynchrony. Meanwhile, the operation records collected by the online monitoring and diagnosis system during long-term operation provide reliable basis for equipment health assessment.

(2) Online Temperature Monitoring Scheme for Switchgear

• Temperature Measurement Layout: 6 points for circuit breaker moving contacts (upper and lower contacts) and 3 points for the cable side; 3 points for the upper busbar branch side, 3 points for the lower contact arm, and 3 points for the cable side of the contactor.

• Technical Features: The circuit breaker temperature measurement adopts a built-in design to avoid exposure on the contact arm or finger; all temperature measurement modules use self-powered wireless radio frequency communication for battery-free operation. When circuit breakers/contactors are replaced, the online temperature monitoring device can quickly identify new equipment and automatically pair with it to ensure the matching of the monitored switchgear and circuit breaker, which is realized by automatically adapting to the cabinet detection unit without manual intervention (i.e., without replacing temperature measurement elements).

(3) Video Remote Monitoring Logic

Video monitoring equipment is configured inside the switchgear to remotely transmit monitoring images, allowing users to real-time view equipment operation status through the host computer and ensure stable equipment operation.

• Online Video Technical Requirements: When an equipment operation is selected in the operation system (ECMS), the visual system automatically switches to the video of the operated equipment after the command is issued, recording the entire operation process for direct observation and judgment on whether the operation process and status of circuit breakers/contactors and earthing switches are in place and the contact is good, meeting remote inspection requirements. The camera is directly installed in the high-voltage compartment, verified for switchgear insulation performance and electromagnetic compatibility, and connected to the video monitoring system via Ethernet to monitor the status of circuit breaker/contactor handcarts, switchgear shutters, and earthing switches. The video terminal can call the monitoring images of corresponding parts for remote inspection without on-site personnel. When remotely operating switchgear, the camera automatically feeds back video monitoring images through motion detection, enabling operators to online monitor the electric operation process and status via the host computer, eliminating the tedious on-site confirmation.

(4) Principle of Online Harmonic Monitoring

When electrical equipment operates under abnormal or degraded conditions, it generates high-order harmonics of different frequencies. The equipment degradation degree is determined through the calculation process of "relative harmonic content → indicator value → standard value": first, the relative harmonic content of each order of current harmonics is divided by the total harmonic distortion of current harmonics of the predetermined order to obtain the indicator value; then, the harmonic function of each order formed by the indicator value is multiplied by the calculated value for each order's diagnosis derived from the relative harmonic content of each order to obtain the standard value; finally, the indicator value is compared with the standard value to determine the equipment degradation degree.

• System Composition: Consists of a data acquisition system (responsible for real-time online collection of motor high-order harmonic data) and a data analysis system (relies on analysis software for real-time analysis of high-order harmonic data and fault early warning). The entire system uses non-contact high-order harmonic acquisition sensors to online collect operation equipment data, and determines the equipment degradation degree through comprehensive analysis of high-order harmonic components and their content rates, providing a basis for maintenance.

(5) Practice of Motor Insulation Online Monitoring

Insulation testing is required to determine the insulation status of high-voltage motors before power transmission and during daily standby, which is a key link in equipment operation and maintenance and an effective means to ensure system safety. For the regular insulation testing needs of open motors (such as circulating water pump motors and feed water pump motors) and long-term standby motors in the unit, insulation online monitoring devices have been equipped early. The DC high-voltage injection method is used for insulation measurement of cables or motor windings; when the line is powered off, the insulation monitoring device automatically starts insulation monitoring of the feeder circuit, real-timely displaying the insulation values of standby equipment to facilitate daily operation and maintenance.

5. Discussion on Improvement Directions
(1) Centralized Management of Control Power

Introduce line-controlled intelligent miniature circuit breakers accessible to DCS, ECMS, or NCS to achieve centralized control of control power. Cooperate with main equipment racking in/out and switching operations to complete full-process sequential control, deeply integrating into operation management and optimization.

(2) Improvement of Insulation Monitoring System

Add motor insulation online monitoring terminals (supporting residual current monitoring of motor circuits when the motor is powered on) to improve the full-process monitoring of insulation performance for standby and operating equipment:

• Reduce regular insulation testing workload and operation risks;

• Collaborate with harmonic monitoring and MRC to provide a basis for equipment condition-based maintenance;

• Insulation data can communicate with the background via RS 485 signals or output insulation/leakage current early warning/alarm signals via hard wiring for automatic switching interlocking of electric heaters and motors.

(3) System Integration Optimization

Connect all operation processes of intelligent switches to the host DCS to replace independent ECMS, reducing investment costs, facilitating centralized DCS control and management of equipment, optimizing and centralizing inspection work, and reducing human resources.

6. Conclusion

6kV switchgear plays a key role in the plant power system, with operation monitoring, power switching, insulation testing, and maintenance being indispensable in daily operation and maintenance. For smart power plant construction, 6kV switchgear must focus on ensuring personnel safety, equipment reliable operation, labor intensity reduction, and condition-based maintenance, continuously optimizing the existing operation and maintenance mode to achieve safer, more efficient, and economical operation.