Uchunguzi wa Ujenzi wa Vifaa vya Kubadilisha Viribishi Vinavyofikiwa kwenye Sekta ya Kazi ya 6kV katika Viwanda vya Umeme

Kwa sababu ya muda mrefu wa huduma na ukosefu wa nguvu wa vifaa, vifaa vinavyotumika kwenye sehemu ya kazi ya 6kV ya Unit 6 ya chakula chache cha umeme yana hatari za usalama kama vile viwango vilivyoviwiko, nukta za kufunga za earthing switches zinazokuwa na maeneo isiyofaa, na matatizo ya vifaa vya kupambana. Hatari hizi zimehujumu uendeshaji wa kituo, kuburudisha mabadiliko ya wingi. Pia, kutokana na vikao vya mapema vya watezaji wa umeme kusafiri kwa ajili ya vifaa vya kipa cha mvua, tumeweza kuchagua switchgear yenye akili. Tumetumia programu ya kawaida kubwa kuboresha ECMS iliyopo, kufanya majukumu ya umeme, uzingatuzi wa macho, na muhimu online monitoring systems ili kufanikiwa kufanya kazi moja tu na kutoa taarifa za awali, kuhifadhi watu wanaofanya kazi wanaofariki na vifaa vyanzele, na kuhakikisha usalama wa kazi.

1. Maalum Maalum ya Mabadiliko ya Switchgear yenye Akili

Switchgear yenye akili inaweza kuzingatia umbali umbali parametri za umeme vya vifaa vyenye kawaida kwa kutumia vifaa vya kudhibiti, kutathmini, na mawasiliano. Inatumia mikono ya umeme kutekeleza racking in/out ya circuit breakers na opening/closing ya earthing switches, kufanikiwa kutenda kazi yenye akili. Mabadiliko haya yanategemea kwenye mbili ya majukumu makubwa: "automation ya kazi" na "uzingatuzi wa hali". Yanajumuisha pia vifaa vya kuzingatia harmonics online na vifaa vya kuzingatia insulation ya motori ili kuongeza uwezo wa kujua hali ya vifaa. Kwa matatizo ya kawaida kama vile moto wa vitu vinavyowekwa, ukosefu wa upasuaji wa mikono, tabia za switch zisizofaa, na insulation ya motori chini, imeshindwa kutoa taarifa na kutathmini kwa kutumia data za kuzingatia online, kutumaini kwa uendeshaji wenye imani.

2. Mfumo wa Mabadiliko ya Switchgear yenye Akili
(1) Kutatua Automation ya Kazi

Tumetumia programu ya kawaida kuboresha ECMS. Kutokana na kuwa MRC units za ABB zinazopo zinastahimili tu wiring ya ngome, ili kupunguza gharama za utengenezaji wa kabla na vifaa vingine vya kutathmini na kudhibiti, tumetumia Wislink2000 industrial switch katika ECMS ili kukutana na WDZ - 5200 series integrated protection devices za mtengenezaji mmoja katika switchgear kwa kutumia RS485. Kisha, vifaa vya kupambana vinaunganishwa na MRC units kwa kutumia wiring ya ngome. Mwishowe, kazi ya umeme ya circuit breakers/contactors na earthing switches imefanikiwa, kurekebisha link ya dhibiti na kuboresha ufanisi wa kazi.

(2) Uzingatuzi wa Hali na Kuboresha Operation & Maintenance

Upande wa uzingatuzi wa hali, tumeandaa vifaa vya kuzingatia moto wa online na tabia za circuit breaker mechanical characteristic, na kujumuisha vifaa vya kuzingatia harmonics online na vifaa vya kuzingatia insulation online. Kulingana na ABB MyRemoteCare system ya mahali, hali ya afya ya vifaa hutathmini mara kwa mara, na uwezekano wa kuzama kwa vifaa kunaprediktwa. Kwa njia hii, operation and maintenance yametengenezwa kutoka kwa mfumo wa "preventive maintenance" hadi "proactive predictive management", kuboresha mfumo wa operation and maintenance, kupunguza uwezekano wa kuzama kwa vifaa, na kuhakikisha uendeshaji wa muda mrefu wa kituo.

3. Maelezo ya Majukumu ya Automation ya Kazi
(1) Mechanism ya Upambanaji wa Umeme Full Electric Drive

Switch una vifaa vya upambanaji ya motori ya kawaida. Waktu kuna hali isiyofaa kama jamming, current ya motori inaongezeka, kuanza programu ya kupambana kusita umeme wa motori, kufunga kazi ya umeme, na kukuza mwanga wa upambanaji na signal ya tatizo ili kuzuia adhabu ya kimashine ambayo haiwezi kurudi nyuma.

Kwa kazi ya umeme ya circuit breaker/contactor handcart na earthing switch, muktadha ni hii:

• Handcart Electric Switching: Motori ya kudhibiti imeongezwa kwenye chassis ya handcart ili kutegemea body ya handcart kwa kubadilisha kati ya nukta ya kazi na nukta ya utafiti. Unit ya uzingatuzi ya akili imeundwa na uwezo wa anti-stall ili kuzuia misumbaji ya tatizo la mashine ya handcart; wakati kuna tatizo la motori, linapambana kwa undani motori na mechanism ya kudhibiti, na mwanga wa tatizo unakuwa na signal ya alarm.

• Earthing Switch Interlocking: Kazi ya umeme ya earthing switch inakupitishwa na circuit breaker/contactor handcart. Mode full electric ya kazi ya handcart na earthing switch inaboresha ufanisi wa kazi na kuhakikisha usalama wa operator—operator hawatakunahitaji kukwenda kwenye chumba cha switch kwa kufanya kazi ya mahali, kupunguza muda wa kusubiri kwa switching ya mchuzi, na kuzuia upungufu wa mtu kutokana na matatizo ya kazi.

(2) Programmed Operation Logic

• One-button Sequential Operation: Wakati unapokea agizo la closing la circuit breaker, mfumo huongeza earthing switch kwanza, kisha elektronikia racks in the circuit breaker handcart; baada ya handcart ikawa sawa, kazi ya closing inaweza kutekelezwa kutoka DCS (kazi ya opening inarejelea). Inasaidia kuswitch switchgear kwa umbali kati ya earthing maintenance, cold standby, hot standby, na operation states ili kufanikiwa sequential control.

• Operation Mode Requirements: Imewekwa na vifaa vya kudhibiti umeme ya circuit breakers/contactors na earthing switches, pamoja na vifaa vya uzingatuzi wa macho kamili, ili kufanikiwa visualization ya umbali wa circuit breakers na earthing switches kwa tracking ya hali ya kazi na kudhibiti biashara za kila siku. Inapatikana maagizo ya usalama na operation and maintenance, inaweza kudhibiti umbali au mahali; kazi ya mkono na umeme inaweza kubadilishana na kumpambana ili kuhakikisha usalama wa kazi.

4. Maelezo ya Majukumu ya Uzingatuzi wa Hali
(1) Real-time Diagnosis Based on Load Changes

Ili kuhakikisha kutoa amri kwa wakati kwa tatizo na hatari zinazopunguza, kutoa taarifa za awali, kupunguza ukuaji wa tatizo, na kupunguza uwezekano wa power outages isiyotumaini, teknolojia ya radio frequency wireless imechanganyikiwa kutokunda na kuzingatia parametri kama vile moto wa contacts/lead terminals na asynchrony ya dynamic characteristic ya switch. Samahani, rekodi za kazi zinazokolekwa na mfumo wa online monitoring and diagnosis wakati wa kazi mrefu zinatoa msingi wa imani kwa tathmini ya afya ya vifaa.

(2) Online Temperature Monitoring Scheme for Switchgear

• Temperature Measurement Layout: 6 points for circuit breaker moving contacts (upper and lower contacts) and 3 points for the cable side; 3 points for the upper busbar branch side, 3 points for the lower contact arm, and 3 points for the cable side of the contactor.

• Technical Features: Circuit breaker temperature measurement adopts a built-in design to avoid exposure on the contact arm or finger; all temperature measurement modules use self-powered wireless radio frequency communication for battery-free operation. When circuit breakers/contactors are replaced, the online temperature monitoring device can quickly identify new equipment and automatically pair with it to ensure the matching of the monitored switchgear and circuit breaker, which is realized by automatically adapting to the cabinet detection unit without manual intervention (i.e., without replacing temperature measurement elements).

(3) Video Remote Monitoring Logic

Video monitoring equipment is configured inside the switchgear to remotely transmit monitoring images, allowing users to real-time view equipment operation status through the host computer and ensure stable equipment operation.

• Online Video Technical Requirements: When an equipment operation is selected in the operation system (ECMS), the visual system automatically switches to the video of the operated equipment after the command is issued, recording the entire operation process for direct observation and judgment on whether the operation process and status of circuit breakers/contactors and earthing switches are in place and the contact is good, meeting remote inspection requirements. The camera is directly installed in the high-voltage compartment, verified for switchgear insulation performance and electromagnetic compatibility, and connected to the video monitoring system via Ethernet to monitor the status of circuit breaker/contactor handcarts, switchgear shutters, and earthing switches. The video terminal can call the monitoring images of corresponding parts for remote inspection without on-site personnel. When remotely operating switchgear, the camera automatically feeds back video monitoring images through motion detection, enabling operators to online monitor the electric operation process and status via the host computer, eliminating the tedious on-site confirmation.

(4) Principle of Online Harmonic Monitoring

When electrical equipment operates under abnormal or degraded conditions, it generates high-order harmonics of different frequencies. The equipment degradation degree is determined through the calculation process of "relative harmonic content → indicator value → standard value": first, the relative harmonic content of each order of current harmonics is divided by the total harmonic distortion of current harmonics of the predetermined order to obtain the indicator value; then, the harmonic function of each order formed by the indicator value is multiplied by the calculated value for each order's diagnosis derived from the relative harmonic content of each order to obtain the standard value; finally, the indicator value is compared with the standard value to determine the equipment degradation degree.

• System Composition: Consists of a data acquisition system (responsible for real-time online collection of motor high-order harmonic data) and a data analysis system (relies on analysis software for real-time analysis of high-order harmonic data and fault early warning). The entire system uses non-contact high-order harmonic acquisition sensors to online collect operation equipment data, and determines the equipment degradation degree through comprehensive analysis of high-order harmonic components and their content rates, providing a basis for maintenance.

(5) Practice of Motor Insulation Online Monitoring

Insulation testing is required to determine the insulation status of high-voltage motors before power transmission and during daily standby, which is a key link in equipment operation and maintenance and an effective means to ensure system safety. For the regular insulation testing needs of open motors (such as circulating water pump motors and feed water pump motors) and long-term standby motors in the unit, insulation online monitoring devices have been equipped early. The DC high-voltage injection method is used for insulation measurement of cables or motor windings; when the line is powered off, the insulation monitoring device automatically starts insulation monitoring of the feeder circuit, real-timely displaying the insulation values of standby equipment to facilitate daily operation and maintenance.

5. Discussion on Improvement Directions
(1) Centralized Management of Control Power

Introduce line-controlled intelligent miniature circuit breakers accessible to DCS, ECMS, or NCS to achieve centralized control of control power. Cooperate with main equipment racking in/out and switching operations to complete full-process sequential control, deeply integrating into operation management and optimization.

(2) Improvement of Insulation Monitoring System

Add motor insulation online monitoring terminals (supporting residual current monitoring of motor circuits when the motor is powered on) to improve the full-process monitoring of insulation performance for standby and operating equipment:

• Reduce regular insulation testing workload and operation risks;

• Collaborate with harmonic monitoring and MRC to provide a basis for equipment condition-based maintenance;

• Insulation data can communicate with the background via RS 485 signals or output insulation/leakage current early warning/alarm signals via hard wiring for automatic switching interlocking of electric heaters and motors.

(3) System Integration Optimization

Connect all operation processes of intelligent switches to the host DCS to replace independent ECMS, reducing investment costs, facilitating centralized DCS control and management of equipment, optimizing and centralizing inspection work, and reducing human resources.

6. Conclusion

6kV switchgear plays a key role in the plant power system, with operation monitoring, power switching, insulation testing, and maintenance being indispensable in daily operation and maintenance. For smart power plant construction, 6kV switchgear must focus on ensuring personnel safety, equipment reliable operation, labor intensity reduction, and condition-based maintenance, continuously optimizing the existing operation and maintenance mode to achieve safer, more efficient, and economical operation.