Teknolojia ya SST: Tathmini Kwa Undani wa Mazingira Zote katika Uuzaji, Uhamishaji, Utambuzi, na Matumizi ya Nishati
I. Mazingira ya Kutafuta
Matumizi ya Mabadiliko ya Mipango ya Umeme
Mabadiliko katika muundo wa nishati unahitaji zaidi mipango ya umeme. Mipango ya umeme za kale zinapokagua kwa mipango mapya za umeme, na tofauti kuu kati yao zimeelezea kama ifuatavyo:
| Ukubwa | Mipango ya Umeme za Kale | Mipango Mapya ya Umeme |
| Muundo wa Msingi wa Teknolojia | Mfumo wa Mekanikali na Elektromagnetiki | Kudhibitiwa na Mashine za Kusambaza na Vifaa vya Teknolojia ya Umeme |
| Muundo wa Upatikanaji wa Nishati | Kuu ni Uchaji wa Joto | Kudhibitiwa na Uchaji wa Hawa na Mwanga ya Jua, na Miundombinu na Mifupi |
| Muundo wa Mtandao | Mtandao Mkuu Mmoja | Kuwepo kwa Mtandao Mkuu na Microgrid |
| Muundo wa Wateja | Watumiaji wa Umeme Tu | Watumiaji ni Wateja na Wafanyabiashara wa Umeme |
| Njia ya Imara ya Umeme | Uchaji unafuata Taka | Mawasiliano kati ya Chanzo, Mtandao, Taka na Kukodisha Nishati |
Ⅱ.Vyohamisi Vinavyotumiwa Sana vya Transformer Solid-State (SST)
Katika mazingira ya mipango mapya ya umeme, msaidizi wa imara, utaratibu wa kuunganisha mtandao, uhusiano wazi, na mawasiliano kati ya taka na chanzo zimekuwa maoni muhimu kwa ushirikiano wa nishati kwa muda na eneo. SST zinazozingatia miundombinu yote—uchaji, usafirishaji, upatikanaji, na kutumia—na matumizi maalum kama ifuatavyo:
Upatikanaji: Converters zinazokuwa na grid, vifaa vya kufanya grid, na transformer DC wa kiwango cha kati kwa kuunganisha hawa, jua, na kukodisha.
Usafirishaji: Transformers DC wa kiwango cha kati na juu, na vifaa vya kuunganisha DC flexible.
Upatikanaji: Viundombinu vya uhusiano wazi vya kiwango cha chini na kati, transformers electronic ya umeme ya kati, na transformers DC kwa usafiri wa nishati.
Utumiaji: Matokeo ya DC kwa kutengeneza hidrojen/aluminium, mifano ya charging zinazofuata grid, na chanzo cha umeme la data center.
(1) Mikono ya Usafiri wa Reli — 25kV PETT ya Mikono
Mfumo wa converters wa kimtazamo wa SST ni vifaa vya muhimu kwa kujenga mipango mapya ya umeme.
Maendeleo Muhimu ya Teknolojia:
Mabadiliko ya topologia ya kasi kwa mfano wa conversion na teknolojia ya transformer kwa nguvu ya kasi
Kiwango cha juu (AC25kV direct connection) na teknolojia ya insulation kwa kikundi chenye ukuta ndogo (withstand voltage: 85kV/1min)
Kuwa na uwezo wa kushiriki mazingira ya mshindi na vibofu, cooling ya phase-change yenye ubora
Topologia na tekniki za driving yenye ubora wa kasi na kasi, control ya modulation ya kasi yenye switching smooth
Matokeo ya Matumizi:
Imewezeshwa na ikatimizwa kwenye EMU ya 140 km/h mwaka 2020, inatoa DC1800V
Ubora wa rated 96.7% (2% zaidi ya mfumo wa sasa), ongezeko la 20% la density ya nguvu
Grid side yenye kikomando kamili inaweza kufanya filtering ya active, compensation ya reactive power, zero magnetizing inrush current na hakuna sarafu za standby
Chombo cha 25kV-SST kwanza duniani kufikia testing ya dynamic ya vehicle-mounted
(2) Umeme wa Reli ya Mji — Energy Router wa Multi-port kwa Mipango ya Metro
Muundo wa Utangazo:
Struktura ya isolation ya minne-port inayosupport upatikanaji wa mikono, umeme wa msaada, kukodisha, na kuhusisha PV.
Teknolojia Zenye Maana:
Topologia ya circuit ya LLC full-bridge ya kitufe mbili inayebuni IGBTs
Topologia ya DAB circuit inayebuni SiC na series-parallel DC configuration
Teknolojia ya soft-switching kwa vifaa vya nguvu (branch efficiency ≥98.5%)
Transformer shared 12-pulse uliounganishwa na AC grid, inapondoka circulating currents wakati anapoweka pamoja na diode rectifiers
Faida za Matumizi:
Inapondoka transformers za regenerative za line-frequency za kubwa; ukuta mdogo zaidi kwa asili, inapunguza nafasi ya installation na gharama za construction
Hakuna sarafu za transformer za no-load, inaweza kufanyika kwenye lines za sasa
Inajumuisha rectification, feedback ya energy, reactive compensation, na harmonic filtering kwa kikomando cha multi-port power flow
(3) Charging & Battery Swap — 10kV Direct-Connected SST for EV Charging
System Configuration:
10kV medium-voltage direct connection, 1MVA capacity: 1 direct-charging module + 2 shared-bus networking modules
Configured with 300kW ultra-fast charging and six 120kW fast chargers; compatible with PV-storage integration and medium-voltage grid connection
Core Functions:
Integrates transformer and charging modules; wide-range voltage regulation enables direct charging, system efficiency ≥97% (peak 98.3%)
Provides grid support and power quality management, enabling bidirectional V2G (vehicle-to-grid) and G2V (grid-to-vehicle) interaction
(4) Park Power Supply — Low-Carbon Park Energy Router (PV-Storage-Charging Integration)
System Architecture:
10kV direct-connected energy router based on SST, featuring AC10kV and DC750V ports, with battery storage, DC charging interfaces, and DC protection devices on the output side.
Core Configuration:
315kW SST cabinet, 976.12kWp PV, 0.5MW/1.3MWh energy storage, 10 DC charging stations.
Application Value:
Reduces electricity costs through PV generation and energy storage peak-shaving arbitrage
Lowers station capacity demand, buffers grid impact, and offers excellent scalability
Output-side "solid-state DC circuit breaker + disconnect switch" combination ensures fault isolation for storage and charging stations
(5) Renewable Energy Integration — DC/DC Energy Router for PV-to-Hydrogen
Core Parameters:
5MW isolated DC/DC converter: input DC800–1500V, output DC0–850V, connected to hydrogen electrolyzer busbar
Single cabinet capacity: 3/6MVA, scalable from 3–20MVA; output voltage adaptable to DC0–1300V/2000V
Technical Advantages:
Reduces conversion stages compared to AC transmission; overall efficiency 96%–98%
High-frequency isolated DC transformers with flexible series-parallel topologies, suitable for PV, storage, rail power, hydrogen/aluminum production
Modular, configurable platform tailored to diverse industry-specific DC grid needs
(6) Distribution Network Optimization
Medium- and Low-Voltage Flexible Interconnection Device:
Addresses load imbalance, rising distributed PV, EV charger expansion, and reliability enhancement
Normal operation: asynchronous grid interconnection with active/reactive power flow control, improved renewable integration, and power quality isolation
Fault condition: rapid isolation and automatic switchover to prevent outages
10kV Direct-Connected Energy Storage System:
Medium/high-voltage grid connection reduces line losses
Two-stage conversion enables wide-range voltage regulation
Modular PCS and battery configuration
More flexible capacity vs. cascaded H-bridge topology, ensuring battery insulation safety and full-chain power flow control
(7) Grid Connection on Generation Side — 10kV Direct-Connected Photovoltaic New Grid Interface
Technical Features:
High-frequency isolation + cascaded CHB main circuit topology
Capacity: N×315kVA (scalable), output compatible with 1500V systems, efficiency >98.3%
Core Advantages:
Medium-voltage direct connection with isolated DC-DC performing MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) and isolation/voltage regulation
Simplified two-stage architecture, highly efficient; responds directly to grid demands at 10kV level
Applicable to industrial, commercial, and rural distributed PV scenarios
(8) Load Side — Data Center Power Supply Based on SST
10kV Direct-Connection Solution:
2.5MW power (315kW × 8), system efficiency 98.3%, using high-frequency isolated conversion
400VDC DC ring network on DC side
Full PWM control achieves grid-side power factor >0.99, harmonics <3%
Future Outlook
Centered on AC/DC distribution networks, extending to renewables, transportation, power supply, energy management, and fault protection, SSTs enable an integrated system solution encompassing:
AC/DC hybrid power supply
Source-grid-load-storage integration
Optimized energy management and power flow dispatch
Supporting the construction of next-generation power systems.
III. Application Challenges and Discussion
(1) Relay Protection Compatibility Challenge
Research is needed on the compatibility between power electronic transformers and traditional distribution systems, especially for short-circuit, ground, and open-circuit faults. Clear control strategies during fault ride-through and coordination mechanisms for relay protection must be established.
(2) Dispatch, Management, and Monitoring Integration Challenges
The widespread adoption of new power electronic equipment raises adaptation issues in dispatch and monitoring, requiring solutions to three core needs:
Dispatch Rules & Market Mechanisms: The traditional “source-follows-load” logic cannot accommodate bidirectional “load-source-grid” interactions. Multi-directional power flow market mechanisms must be developed.
Standardization & Interoperability: Diverse device interface protocols lead to poor interoperability among vendors. Standardized communication protocols and control command sets must be promoted.
Cross-Regional Coordinated Dispatch: Flexible interconnection breaks traditional zoning boundaries. Unified responsibility allocation, reserve sharing, and cross-regional coordinated dispatch frameworks must be established.
These challenges require unified standards and monitoring execution mechanisms to resolve.
