Teicneolaíocht SST: Anáilíse Iomchúiseach i Gnéithe Giniúna, Tarchur, Roinnt agus Úsáid Forbartha

I. Taighde agus Cúlra

Níos Mó Measanna ar Chórais Fhuinnimh

Tá athruithe ar struchtúr na fuinnimh ag cur níos mó measanna ar chórais fhuinnimh. Tá córais fhuinnimh traidisiúnta ag dul go dtí córais fhuinnimh nua-aoise, agus tá na príomhéagsúlta idir iad seo leanas:

Ⅱ.Príomhscenáiriú Aimsithe Transformers Solíde (SST)

Faoin gcúlra córais fhuinnimh nua, tá tacaíocht ghníomhach, rialú cuardaíochta, comhcheangal uathuileach, agus idirghníomhaíocht soláthar tuairisc tar éis bhíteanna ríthábhachtacha don chomhréiteachas fuinnimh spaisteach-amach. Tá SST ag sileadh trí gach staid - gníomhú, cuardaíocht, roinnt, agus úsáid - le feidhmiú speisialta mar leanas:

• Lárthach Gnáthach: Cóirithe gréasáin díreach-chuarta, ealaíon formúla gréasáin, transformers DC meánvoltaige chun gaoithe, sóiléir, agus stóráil a chur i gcomhcheangal.

• Lárthach Cuardaíochta: Transformers DC meán- agus ardvoltaige cuardaíochta, ealaíon comhcheangailte DC uathuileacha.

• Lárthach Roinnt: Ealaíon comhcheangailte uathuileacha meán- agus ídhvoltaige, transformers peinteactrachta eileachtacha (PET) uathuileacha, transformers DC chun tairiscint iompair teicneolaíochta.

• Lárthach Úsáide: Soláthar DC do tháirgeadh hidreigin/ailimin, cóirithe lánchúrsa, forais cumhachtach data center díreach-chuarta.

(1) Traction Iarnróid — 25kV Traction PETT

Is ealaíon ríthábhachtach do chumhachtú gréasáin chun tosaigh an chéadchuid cúrsaíochta cóirithe bunaithe ar SST.

Brúcháin Teicniúla Príomha:

• Athruithe topolaithe uafásach agus teicnící transformer uafásach uafásacha

• Voltaige Ard (AC25kV díreach-chuarta) agus teicnící aischiúilte uafásacha faoi dearadh comhcheilg (fósfa: 85kV/1min)

• Oibriú i réimsí buille agus seime strong, scáileadh phhasa éifeachtach

• Topolaithe agus modúladh uafásach éifeachtach, modúladh uafásach le haghaidh comhcheangailte smooth

Torthaí Feidhme:

• Suirbhéad agus testáil ar EMU 140 km/h in 2020, ag eisíodh DC1800V

• Éifeacht mheastar 96.7% (2% níos airde ná córais reatha), 20% ardú i gcéim cumhachta

• Rialú gréasáin go hiomlán chun scáileadh uafásach, comhbhaint neamhfhéideach, sruth inrush neamhmhagnach agus gan coire féideach

• An chéad phróduct 25kV-SST sa domhan a bhain amach testáil dinimiciach iompartha

(2) Soláthar Fuinnimh Cathrach — Router Fuinnimh Iartharach le Póirt Ionmhaineacha do Chórais Metro

Dearadh Bunúsach:
Struchtúr aischiúil ceithre phóirt atá ag tacú le traction power, auxiliary power, energy storage, and PV integration.

Teicnící Príomha:

• Topolaithe circuit LLC dhá-theachta bunaithe ar IGBTs

• Topolaithe circuit DAB bunaithe ar SiC le cumasc DC sraithe-paralelle

• Teicnící switching soifta do chumhachtaí (branch efficiency ≥98.5%)

• Transformer 12-pulse roinnte ceangailte le gréasán AC, ag éigríocht srutha circualaire nuair a bhíonn sé páirle le diode rectifiers

Buntáistí Feidhme:

• Seachant ar transformers regenerative line-frequency móra; 26% níos láidre, ag laghdú ar spás suíomh agus costas tógála

• Gan coire no-load transformers, ag cumasú athshonrú líne reatha

• Integrates rectification, energy feedback, reactive compensation, and harmonic filtering for precise multi-port power flow control

(3) Charging & Battery Swap — 10kV Direct-Connected SST for EV Charging

System Configuration:

• 10kV medium-voltage direct connection, 1MVA capacity: 1 direct-charging module + 2 shared-bus networking modules

• Configured with 300kW ultra-fast charging and six 120kW fast chargers; compatible with PV-storage integration and medium-voltage grid connection

Core Functions:

• Integrates transformer and charging modules; wide-range voltage regulation enables direct charging, system efficiency ≥97% (peak 98.3%)

• Provides grid support and power quality management, enabling bidirectional V2G (vehicle-to-grid) and G2V (grid-to-vehicle) interaction

(4) Park Power Supply — Low-Carbon Park Energy Router (PV-Storage-Charging Integration)

System Architecture:
10kV direct-connected energy router based on SST, featuring AC10kV and DC750V ports, with battery storage, DC charging interfaces, and DC protection devices on the output side.

Core Configuration:
315kW SST cabinet, 976.12kWp PV, 0.5MW/1.3MWh energy storage, 10 DC charging stations.

Application Value:

• Reduces electricity costs through PV generation and energy storage peak-shaving arbitrage

• Lowers station capacity demand, buffers grid impact, and offers excellent scalability

• Output-side "solid-state DC circuit breaker + disconnect switch" combination ensures fault isolation for storage and charging stations

(5) Renewable Energy Integration — DC/DC Energy Router for PV-to-Hydrogen

Core Parameters:

• 5MW isolated DC/DC converter: input DC800–1500V, output DC0–850V, connected to hydrogen electrolyzer busbar

• Single cabinet capacity: 3/6MVA, scalable from 3–20MVA; output voltage adaptable to DC0–1300V/2000V

Technical Advantages:

• Reduces conversion stages compared to AC transmission; overall efficiency 96%–98%

• High-frequency isolated DC transformers with flexible series-parallel topologies, suitable for PV, storage, rail power, hydrogen/aluminum production

• Modular, configurable platform tailored to diverse industry-specific DC grid needs

(6) Distribution Network Optimization

Medium- and Low-Voltage Flexible Interconnection Device:

• Addresses load imbalance, rising distributed PV, EV charger expansion, and reliability enhancement

• Normal operation: asynchronous grid interconnection with active/reactive power flow control, improved renewable integration, and power quality isolation

• Fault condition: rapid isolation and automatic switchover to prevent outages

10kV Direct-Connected Energy Storage System:

• Medium/high-voltage grid connection reduces line losses

• Two-stage conversion enables wide-range voltage regulation

• Modular PCS and battery configuration

• More flexible capacity vs. cascaded H-bridge topology, ensuring battery insulation safety and full-chain power flow control

(7) Grid Connection on Generation Side — 10kV Direct-Connected Photovoltaic New Grid Interface

Technical Features:

• High-frequency isolation + cascaded CHB main circuit topology

• Capacity: N×315kVA (scalable), output compatible with 1500V systems, efficiency >98.3%

Core Advantages:

• Medium-voltage direct connection with isolated DC-DC performing MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) and isolation/voltage regulation

• Simplified two-stage architecture, highly efficient; responds directly to grid demands at 10kV level

• Applicable to industrial, commercial, and rural distributed PV scenarios

(8) Load Side — Data Center Power Supply Based on SST

10kV Direct-Connection Solution:

• 2.5MW power (315kW × 8), system efficiency 98.3%, using high-frequency isolated conversion

• 400VDC DC ring network on DC side

• Full PWM control achieves grid-side power factor >0.99, harmonics <3%

Future Outlook

Centered on AC/DC distribution networks, extending to renewables, transportation, power supply, energy management, and fault protection, SSTs enable an integrated system solution encompassing:

• AC/DC hybrid power supply

• Source-grid-load-storage integration

• Optimized energy management and power flow dispatch
  Supporting the construction of next-generation power systems.

III. Application Challenges and Discussion

(1) Relay Protection Compatibility Challenge
Research is needed on the compatibility between power electronic transformers and traditional distribution systems, especially for short-circuit, ground, and open-circuit faults. Clear control strategies during fault ride-through and coordination mechanisms for relay protection must be established.

(2) Dispatch, Management, and Monitoring Integration Challenges
The widespread adoption of new power electronic equipment raises adaptation issues in dispatch and monitoring, requiring solutions to three core needs:

• Dispatch Rules & Market Mechanisms: The traditional “source-follows-load” logic cannot accommodate bidirectional “load-source-grid” interactions. Multi-directional power flow market mechanisms must be developed.

• Standardization & Interoperability: Diverse device interface protocols lead to poor interoperability among vendors. Standardized communication protocols and control command sets must be promoted.

• Cross-Regional Coordinated Dispatch: Flexible interconnection breaks traditional zoning boundaries. Unified responsibility allocation, reserve sharing, and cross-regional coordinated dispatch frameworks must be established.

These challenges require unified standards and monitoring execution mechanisms to resolve.