Zuyawkarên karkirinê ya vîkên berdînên vakûmê ya bi rêjeyê yên navendî yên daryayî

Biniyê 2007an, we bi rola pargîdarên projeyê ji Şirketê Pîçeyên Elektrîk û Mekanîkê ya Grûpê Huaibei Minîng, çavkaniya teknîkî li ser stasyonê 10kV ya Herêmê Şarqî çêkirin. Wekî şoşbîna herî mîn, derya ku hewce ne dike ku lîmara disconnector-ya 10kV - oil - immersed circuit breaker yên ve hatine navkirina ZN20 indoor high - voltage vacuum circuit breakers.

Pêşîn, SN10 - 10 oil - immersed circuit breakers ên di dema zorî de werin, ku hewce ne dike ku malpera wan li ser mekanizma wê re nivîsandin. Vê îhtiyac dikir ku hêza şeş bîyare vêjîne, ku çêkirin ku amadeta bêrînînê were girîng. Bêyî vê, mekanizma wê re kar kirin bi seroperastî, û rêzberên parastina wê re hate saz kirin ji relaysên tradîsyonel, ku hewce ne dike ku tevahî destûr in û rastîn tunebûn. Dibe ku rêzbera parastinê hate xalas kirin her sal, ku vê karê girîng û karanîn in.

Bi tenê ku amade bike ku prodûksiyonê bêtînin, weger çêtirîn ku hewce ne dike ku lîmara circuit breaker an jê bikin li ser vacuum circuit breakers. Vê guhertina nîve çavkanina problemên operasyonî yên kêrkirî hatine çareseribûn, u dema bêtirîn ji bo operasyonê bêtir û efektîf a stasyonê çêkirin.

Xasîyên Sazî yên Vacuum Circuit Breakers

Di çavkaniya teknîkî ya stasyonê 10kV ya Herêmê Şarqî de, we gihîştina derînî ji bo xasîyên sazî yên ZN20 type vacuum circuit breaker hate peyda kirin. Ev circuit breaker dike hejmarî yên mekanizma operasyonî, box body, vacuum tubes, insulation frames, û insulators. Li ser xasîyên taybetandî yên din, mekanizma operasyonî di binî re hatine saz kirin.

Li ser box body yên ji plaqa fîlîn sêwirin, komponentên high - voltage hatine fix kirin di raya darîn. Mekanizma bi main shaft li ser connecting plates re hatine gırtirin. Di dema ke main shaft werîn, crank arms yên bi wê re fix hatine, insulators re bidin, û moving conductive rod yên vacuum tube re bidin perform kirin switching actions. Closing û opening operations dikarin bi seroperastî û elektrîkî control bikin bi mekanizma operasyonî. Bi taybetmendî, ev ji motor energy - storage AC/DC dual - purpose, auxiliary contact mechanisms, û operation counter re hatine saz kirin. Clear "ON" û "OFF" status indicators li panel facilite monitoring intuitive a state of breaker.

Circuit breaker dike vacuum tubes li ser interrupting high - voltage circuits. Wêgotiya 1, vacuum tube hatine saz kirin ji moving conductive rod, static conductive rod, moving û static contacts, shield, bellows, û ceramic enclosure. Sealed within the ceramic housing with a high vacuum degree typically ranging from 10⁻⁴ to 10⁻⁷ Torr (Note: The original text "104 - 10⁻⁷ Torr" might be a typo; the correct range should be 10⁻⁴ to 10⁻⁷ Torr), bellows bi moving conductive rod li ser yekê re û moving end cover li ser yekê din hate weld kirin. This flexible component enables external operation of the contacts while maintaining complete hermeticity. Shield around the contacts absorbs metal vapor generated by the vacuum arc during current interruption, preventing contamination of the insulation housing.

Li ser projeyê da, we gihîştina derînî ji bo avantajên vacuum circuit breakers ji bo traditional oil - immersed ones:

• Gap e zi yên contact, ku hewce ne dike ku amadeta operasyonê bêtir û enabling rapid action.

• Time arcing short û minimal contact erosion when interrupting fault currents.

• Size compact, weight light, û significantly reduced maintenance requirements.

• Fire û explosion resistance, along with low operating noise.

• These benefits are crucial for enhancing the reliability of substation operations and reducing maintenance costs.

Application Effects

As project participants, we deeply understand that the operating mechanism of the vacuum circuit breaker closes the vacuum tube contacts through the elastic energy of the energy-storage spring, which is independent of the manual energy-storage speed, ensuring fast closing performance. The mechanism has three motion states: energy storage, closing, and opening.

The vacuum circuit breaker interrupts current by extinguishing the vacuum arc when the current drops to zero. At the moment the vacuum arc extinguishes, the density of electrons, positive ions, and other particles between the contacts rapidly decreases. Within microseconds, the contact gap essentially restores its original high vacuum degree and exhibits high withstand voltage, capable of withstanding the recovery voltage without breakdown to complete the interruption process. Therefore, even if a high voltage is applied shortly after the current zero-crossing, the contact gap will not break down again—meaning the vacuum arc can be completely extinguished at the first current zero-crossing.

Application Effects

Since the ZN20 10kV high-voltage vacuum circuit breakers were put into operation in June 2007 after the transformation, they have shown excellent performance. The circuit breakers feature fast opening/closing speeds, low operation noise, and accurate and reliable actions.

Compared with the previous oil-immersed circuit breakers, which required frequent refueling and heavy maintenance workload, the vacuum circuit breakers have significantly reduced maintenance tasks and costs, bringing tangible economic benefits. In the over 20 years of operation before the transformation, the substation experienced several misoperation accidents (such as forcibly opening the disconnector while the oil-immersed circuit breaker was in the closed position), causing varying degrees of equipment damage.

After the transformation, the high-voltage switchgear eliminated disconnectors, with each circuit controlled by a single vacuum circuit breaker. When the circuit breaker is opened, the breaker cart can be withdrawn, serving the function of a high-voltage disconnector. Additionally, the switchgear is equipped with mechanical and electrical locks in accordance with the "Five Prevention" requirements, effectively avoiding misoperation accidents, reducing the accident rate, and ensuring safe operation.