Phosphor yek terma generî ye ji bo her materyalî ku hewce ye ku rojnameyê bidine ji bo derbasî radiyasyon an barandamên elektrîkî. Ev ji gotina Greekî "phosphoros" re ve hatiye, ku demeke "light-bringer". Phosphors çimkîn semiconductors in, ku hêsan sê bandanî energî hene: banda valence, banda conduction, û banda forbidden.
Banda valence yek rûnda energî ye ku elektronan normal hebe. Banda conduction yek rûnda energî ye ku elektronan bi azadî dakînin. Banda forbidden gap e di navbera banda valence û banda conduction de, ku elektronan nekin dest bibe.
Phosphors bi zêdekirina impurities an dopants re aktiv kirin, ku energy levels yekemîn di banda forbidden de bide. Energy levels yekemîn guherî bine ji bo elektronan an holes (positive charges) ku ji bo derbasî radiyasyon an barandamên elektrîkî re derbasî bine. Ji bo dema elektronan an holes digehîn bine navbera navbera, wan rojnameyê bi photonên rojnameyî re dest bine.
Ji Bo Yekana Pelîka Phosphorî Rojnameyê UV Radîasyon Biguheze Be
Prosesa guheztina UV radîasyon bi rojnameyê di pelîka phosphorî de fluorescence namê. Fluorescence otomata da ku photona high-energy radiation veşdarî û photona lower-energy radiation reve. Demeke energy di navbera photonan veşdar û photonan reve de bi istihmarî were.
Wêneya berdema fluorescence di pelîka phosphorî de ku zinc sulfide (ZnS) bi silver (Ag) re activ kirin.
Modela Pelîka Zinc Sulfide
A – B :- Electron Jump
B – E :- Electron Migration
E – D :- Electron Jump
D – C :- Electron Jump
A – C :- Hole Migration
Photona UV radîasyon bi wavelengtha 253.7 nm pelîka phosphorî veşdarî û elektronan ji sulfur (S) atomê ji bo zinc (Zn) atomê derbasî. Ev positive hole di banda valence de û negative ion (Zn^-) bi elektron ekstra di banda conduction de bide.
Elektron ekstra ji Zn^- ionê ji bo Zn^- ionê din di crystal lattice de di banda conduction de migre.
Lê, positive hole ji S atomê ji bo S atomê din di banda valence de migre ta Ag atomê re çape, ku guherî bine.
Ag atomê elektronan ji Zn^- ionê re ji bo navbera navbera û neutral (Ag^0) bide. Ev photona rojnameyî bi wavelengtha dirgegera UV photon re dest bide.
Elektron ji Ag^0 atomê ji bo S atomê re keve, ku positive hole veşdarî, cycle komplet bike.
Reng rojnameyî bi demake energy difference di navbera Ag trap level û Zn^- level de be. Dopants yekemîn trap levels û rengên yekemîn bide. Mînak, copper (Cu) green light, manganese (Mn) orange light, û cadmium (Cd) red light bide.
Cî û Nerazî Pelîka Phosphorî
Hêsan cî û nerazî pelîka phosphorî ji bo bendixên fluorescentî bikar bînin, li gorî reng û cî rojnameyî. Hêsan cî û nerazî pelîka phosphorî:
Halophosphate: Ev mixture ya calcium halophosphate (Ca5(PO4)3X) û magnesium tungstate (MgWO4), ku X fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), û bromine (Br) bide. Ev rojnameyê bi yellowish an bluish tint bide, li gorî ratio F to Cl or Br. Ev low color rendering index, ku demeke ev nekarin colors accurately. Lamp efficacy about 60 to 75 lm/W.
Triphosphor: Ev mixture ya three different phosphors, each emitting a primary color of red, green, and blue. Combination of these colors produces white light with a high color rendering index of 80 to 90 and a lamp efficacy of about 80 to 100 lm/W. Triphosphor lamps are more expensive than halophosphate lamps, but they offer better color quality and energy efficiency.
Multi-phosphor: Ev mixture ya four or more phosphors, each emitting a different color of the visible spectrum. The aim is to create a smooth and continuous spectral distribution that mimics natural daylight. Multi-phosphor lamps have the highest color rendering index of over 90 and a lamp efficacy of about 90 to 110 lm/W. They are also the most expensive type of fluorescent lamps, but they provide the best color performance and visual comfort.
Pelîka phosphorî bi şêweyên din bikar bînin, wê çawa spraying, dipping, û electrophoretic deposition. Thickness û uniformity coating affect the light output û quality of the lamp. Pelîka phosphorî can degrade over time due to exposure to heat, humidity, û UV radiation, resulting in reduced brightness û color shift.
Pelîka phosphorî widely used in various applications that require high-quality û energy-efficient lighting, such as:
General lighting: Pelîka phosphorî can provide white light with different color temperatures û color rendering indices, depending on the needs û preferences of the users. For example, warm white light (2700 to 3000 K) suitable for residential û hospitality settings, while cool white light (4000 to 5000 K) preferred for offices û commercial spaces.
Display lighting: Pelîka phosphorî can enhance the appearance û attractiveness of products û artworks by providing vivid û accurate colors. For example, tri-phosphor or multi-phosphor lamps can be used for displaying fruits, vegetables, meats, flowers, paintings, etc.
Medical lighting: Pelîka phosphorî can improve the visibility û diagnosis of medical conditions by providing high-quality û natural-looking light. For example, multi-phosphor lamps can be used for surgical procedures, dental examinations, skin treatments, etc.
Specialty lighting: Pelîka phosphorî can create various effects û functions by emitting different colors or wavelengths of light. For example, black light lamps use phosphors that emit UV radiation that can make certain materials glow in the dark. Germicidal lamps use phosphors that emit UV-C radiation that can kill bacteria û viruses. Grow lamps use phosphors that emit red û blue light that can stimulate plant growth.
Parastnî
Pelîka phosphorî yek parçeyek essential ya bendixên fluorescentî ye ku UV radîasyon bi rojnameyî biguheze be. Ev determines the color û quality of the light produced by the lamp. There are different types of phosphor coating that can be used for different applications û purposes. Pelîka phosphorî can provide energy-efficient û high-performance lighting solutions for various needs û preferences.
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