Uundishaji wa Unit Mpya ya Gas-Insulated Ring Main ya 12kV yenye Afya ya Mazingira

1. Mipango Maalum

1.1 Mipango ya Kufikiria

Corporation ya Umeme wa China inzilisha kwa ufanisi ustawi wa umeme na maendeleo yenye upungufu wa karboni ili kupata malengo ya mwisho wa karboni (2030) na utathmini (2060). Vituo vya ring main vinavyovuliwa na viwanda vya gasi vya asili vinaelezea mwenendo huu. Vifaa vya ring main vya gasi vya asili vilivyovuliwa vya kiwango cha 12kV vilianzishwa kwa kutumia teknolojia ya vacuum interrupter pamoja na disconnectors wa miundo tatu na circuit breakers za vacuum. Mipango yaliyotumiwa SolidWorks kwa modeli 3D na muundo wa modular (tanki ya gasi, chumba cha pressure relief, mwili wa cabeti, chumba cha instrument). Kituo kinajumuisha chumba machache ya metal-enclosed (chumba cha mechanism, chumba cha circuit breaker, chumba cha cable, chumba cha instrument), kila chumba kilichokuwa na njia tofauti za pressure relief. Mipango hayo yanakubalika kwa vituo vyavyofanana na vituo vya box.

1.2 Integretion ya Disconnectors wa Miundo Tatu na Circuit Breakers za Vacuum 

Integretion ya disconnectors wa miundo tatu na circuit breakers za vacuum ni muhimu katika mipango haya, yanayojumuisha disconnectors wa miundo tatu juu na circuit breakers wa miundo mbili chini. Disconnector wa miundo tatu anafanya kazi katika namba ya ardhi, imara, na isolation, vile circuit breaker anafanya kazi katika namba za open/closed. Frame ya support ya blade ya isolation inatumia nyama ya nylon yenye nguvu na yenye ubora wa heat resistance. Teknolojia ya disc spring ya Mubea inatoa pressure ya contact. 

Cover uniform ya moving contacts hutimiza uniformity ya electric field na kukurugenisha partial discharge. Insulating covers kwenye bushings za three-phase huongeza interphase insulation. Wakati wa testing, multiple optimizations zilitimiza sifa sahihi za mechanical (engagement depth, bounce, three-phase synchronization, operating speed). Circuit breaker ya vacuum ina pole columns zenye solid sealed zilizomounted na screws nne. 

Terminal ya vacuum interrupter unaweza kuwa center ya rotation kwa disconnector blade, na Z-shaped plastic lever arm unatumia principle ya lever kwa operation. Copper busbars wenye vulcanized surfaces hulenga lower terminals za circuit breaker. Kama inavyoelezea Figure 1, integretion design hii inainua vacuum interrupter kuwa component muhimu unaoamua ukweli wa jumla, na contact structure na arc extinguishing method kunawa muhimu katika mipango.

Kupata miniaturization na ukweli zaidi, longitudinal magnetic field cup-shaped contacts na coil windings na iron cores zilizotumiwa. Tofauti na magnetic fields transverse, longitudinal fields zinazidi transition current kutoka diffuse hadi constricted arcs, kunaweka electrical wear chache, uzinduzi mrefu, na breaking capacity bora. Rotating magnetic field uliokambatika na three-phase AC unaunganika na longitudinal field wa cup-shaped contact kutengeneza eddy currents ambayo hutokomeza arc voltage na kutengeneza arc evenly across the anode surface. Mipango haya yanaongeza short-circuit breaking capacity kutoka 20kA hadi 25kA kwenye volume sawa.

1.3 Mechanism ya Switch Operating

Mechanism ya switch operating, iliyowekwa moja kwa moja mbele ya tanki ya insulation, hundia circuit breaker za vacuum na disconnector wa miundo tatu kupitia direct shaft connections bila components zisizo intermediaries. Mipango haya yanadhibiti muda wa opening wa circuit breaker ya vacuum kusitegemea contact erosion. Mechanism inaelekeza kazi manual na electric na energy storage kupitia overrunning clutch principle. Disconnector wa miundo tatu unatumia torsion spring drive na coaxial rotation design inayohakikisha three-phase synchronization na performance sahihi ya grounding switch. Nyingine zake dual operation holes zinawezesha kudhibiti grounding na isolation functions.

1.4 Main Circuit 

Main circuit—unachokujumuisha cable bushings, disconnector blades, vacuum interrupter contacts, flexible connections, na busbars—inavyovuliwa ndani ya tanki ya stainless steel kwa kutumia lip seals kwa dynamic parts na O-rings kwa static sealing, imejaza kwa nitrogen au dry air ya 0.02 MPa. Integration longitudinal design ya disconnector wa miundo tatu na circuit breaker ya vacuum inawezesha modular withdrawal. Distances za phase-to-phase zinafungwa kwenye 150mm kwa insulation sahihi. Terminal ya vacuum interrupter unaweza kuwa center ya rotation kwa disconnector blade, na Z-shaped plastic lever arms zinatafsiri operation mechanism motion kwa contact movement.

1.5 Tanki ya Gas na Production Line

Mipango ya tanki ya gas yalikuwa yanayopendelea precision manufacturing na airtightness. Laser cutting inahakikisha stainless steel components zenye burr-free na robotic welding inahakikisha seam integrity na mechanical strength. Production inatumia linear layout na track transport vehicles zinazotembelea kati ya workstations kuboresha efficiency ya workflow.

2 Insulation Analysis 

2.1 Insulation ya Disconnector wa Miundo Tatu

Disconnector wa miundo tatu wa knife-switch type unatoa visible disconnection points na reliable grounding. Kutumia material ya nylon yenye nguvu kwa rotating shaft na aluminum equalizing covers kwenye blade heads hunongeza uniformity ya field. Simulation na testing zilihakikisha performance ya insulation inaweza kushinda lightning impulse voltage ya 90kV.

2.2 Overall Ground Insulation

Analysis ilikuwa inaonesha eneo muhimu: phase-to-phase na phase-to-tank clearances (minimum 125mm center distance), na insulating components. Strategic placement ya solid insulation kwenye high-field areas na gas insulation kwenye low-field areas inaboresha distribution ya field. Additional measures zinajumuisha epoxy encapsulation ya contacts, improved Z-arm materials, fiber insulating rods, na shielding covers kwenye busbar connections kusitegemea field concentration.

3 Conclusion 

Mfumo mpya wa kifuniko cha magazi uliohitimu na kutumia majini ya kuhifadhi madini unajumuisha kufunga moto kwa kutumia vakuumu na kuhifadhi madini kwa kutumia majini yenye afya. Yenye utambulisho wote, ushughuli wasi, ukubwa mdogo, na kuhifadhi madini kwa ujumla. Vyombo vikuu vya kiwango cha juu yamefungwa ndani ya tangi la chuma chenye ustawi, kufanya iwe inapatikana kwa matumizi ya nje na ndani isipokuwa tu hata katika viwanja vya kusakamaka, nyumba za kudhibiti, na substansiyoni za kifanana. Imeundwa kwa ajili ya mfumo wa tairi 50Hz, 12kV, inatoa upatikanaji wa nguvu ya umma wa imani kwa matumizi ya makazi, biashara, ufanisi, usafiri, na muundo wa kiwango cha juu kwa sifa nzuri za imani, ubora wa mazingira, na usalama.