Mataimaka na Daidaitaccen Karamin Kirkiro: Me kana iya?

Zai na iya gani da Electrical Impedance?

A cikin ilimin karkashin tarihi, electrical impedance yana amfani da hanyar da ake fahimta wani takawa da ya kunshi kan current current idan ake saka voltage. Impedance yana tsarki hukumomin resistance zuwa alternating current (AC) circuits. Impedance yana da muhimmanci da kuma phase, ba tare da resistance wanda yana da muhimmanci baki daya.

Babu electrical resistance, electrical impedance’s opposition to current yana da shiga frequency of the circuit. Resistance zan iya tabbatar da ita ce impedance da phase angle of zero.

A cikin takawa inda current lag 90° (electric) daga applied voltage a cikin purely inductive circuit. A cikin takawa inda current leads 90° (electric) daga applied voltage a cikin purely capacitive circuit. A cikin takawa inda current ba lag ne ba lead a cikin purely resistive circuit. Idan a cikin takawa ake sanya da direct current (DC), ba da fasaha bayan impedance da resistance.

A cikin takawa na yau da both inductive reactance and capacitive reactance present along with resistance or either of capacitive or inductive reactance presents along with resistance, there will be leading or lagging effect on the current of the circuit depending on the value of reactance and resistance of the circuit.

A cikin AC circuit, cumulative effect of reactance and resistance ita ce impedance. An sarrafa impedance da English letter Z. The value of impedance is represented as

Idan R ita ce value of circuit resistance and X ita ce value of circuit reactance.
The angle between applied voltage and current is

The inductive reactance is taken as positive and capacitive reactance is taken as negative.

Impedance can be represented in complex form. This is

The real part of a complex impedance is resistance and the imaginary part is reactance of the circuit.

Let us apply a sinusoidal voltage Vsinωt across a pure inductor of inductance L Henry.

The expression of current through the inductor is

From the expression of the waveform of the current through the inductor it is clear that the current lags the applied voltage by 90° (electrical).

Now let us apply same sinusoidal voltage Vsinωt across a pure capacitor of capacitance C farad.

The expression of current through the capacitor is

From the expression of the waveform of the current through the capacitor it is clear that the current leads the applied voltage by 90°(electrical).

Now we will connect the same voltage source across a pure resistance of value R ohm.

Here the expression of current through the resistance would be

From that expression, it can be concluded that the current has the same phase with the applied voltage.

Impedance of a Series RL Circuit

Let us derive the expression of the impedance of a series RL circuit. Here resistance of value R and inductance of value L are connected in series. The value of reactance of the inductor is ωL. Hence the expression of impedance in complex form is

The numerical value or mod value of the reactance is

Impedance of a Series RC Circuit

Let us connect one resistance of value R ohm in series with a capacitor of capacitance C farad. The reactance of the capacitor is 1 / ωC. The resistance R and reactance of the capacitor are in series the expression of the impedance can be written as

The mod value of the impedance of the series RC circuit is