Laser Diode ya ku çi ye?
Laser Diode yî kî ye?
Pêşnûma Laser Diode
Laser diode pêşnûma dike ku hûn dikarin raş lasekî çikebikin ji bo dîrokên elektrîkî. Ên têne p-n junction û layer intrinsic yên ekstra yên navbera, ku formê p-i-n structure dike. Layer intrinsic ên active region e ku raş lasekî çikebikin ji recombination of electrons û holes.
Regions p-type û n-type bi impurities yên heavy doped ne ku carriers excess çikebikin, destûd layer intrinsic undoped û lightly doped be ku optical amplification çikebikin. Ends layer intrinsic bi materials reflective涂层似乎被意外截断了，我将按照指示继续完成翻译：
bi materials reflective yan coat kirin, yek fully reflective û yek partially reflective, ku optical cavity form kirin ku raş lasekî trap bikin û stimulated emission enhance bikin. Stimulated emission occurs when an incoming photon causes an excited electron to drop to a lower energy level and emit another photon that is identical to the incoming one in frequency, phase, polarization, and direction. This way, the number of photons in the cavity increases exponentially, creating a coherent beam of light that exits through the partially reflective end. The wavelength of laser light varies with the semiconductor material’s band gap and the optical cavity’s length, enabling emission across the electromagnetic spectrum, from infrared to ultraviolet. Operational Mechanism A laser diode works by applying a forward bias voltage across the p-n junction, which causes current to flow through the device. The current injects electrons from the n-type region and holes from the p-type region into the intrinsic layer, where they recombine and release energy in the form of photons. Some of these photons are spontaneously emitted in random directions, while others are stimulated by existing photons in the cavity to emit in phase with them. The stimulated photons bounce back and forth between the reflective ends, causing more stimulated emission and creating a population inversion, where there are more excited electrons than non-excited ones. When the population inversion reaches a threshold level, steady-state laser output is achieved, where the rate of stimulated emission equals the rate of photon loss due to transmission or absorption. The output power of the laser diode depends on the input current and the efficiency of the device. Output power hinges on device temperature; higher temperatures decrease efficiency and raise the threshold current, necessitating cooling systems for optimal performance. Laser Diodes Types Laser diodes are classified into different types based on their structure, mode of operation, wavelength, output power, and application. Some of the common types are: Single-mode laser diodes Multi-mode laser diodes Master oscillator power amplifier (MOPA) laser diodes Vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) diodes Distributed feedback (DFB) laser diodes
External cavity diode lasers (ECDLs) Laser Diodes Applications Optical storage Optical communication Optical scanning Optical sensing Optical display Optical surgery Laser Diodes Advantages Compact size Low power consumption High efficiency Long lifetime Versatility Laser Diodes Disadvantages Temperature sensitivity Optical Feedback Mode hopping Cost Summary A laser diode is a semiconductor device that produces coherent light through a process of stimulated emission. It is similar to a light-emitting diode (LED), but it has a more complex structure and faster response time. A laser diode consists of a p-n junction with an additional intrinsic layer in between, forming a p-i-n structure. The intrinsic layer is the active region where the light is generated by the recombination of electrons and holes. A laser diode works by applying a forward bias voltage across the p-n junction, which causes current to flow through the device. The current injects electrons from the n-type region and holes from the p-type region into the intrinsic layer, where they recombine and release energy in the form of photons. Some of these photons are spontaneously emitted in random directions, while others are stimulated by existing photons in the cavity to emit in phase with them. The stimulated photons bounce back and forth between the reflective ends, causing more stimulated emission and creating a population inversion, where there are more excited electrons than non-excited ones. When the population inversion reaches a threshold level, steady-state laser output is achieved, where the rate of stimulated emission equals the rate of photon loss due to transmission or absorption. The output power of the laser diode depends on the input current and the efficiency of the device. The wavelength of the laser light depends on the band gap of the semiconductor material and the length of the optical cavity. Laser diodes can produce light in different regions of the electromagnetic spectrum, from infrared to ultraviolet. Laser diodes are classified into different types based on their structure, mode of operation, wavelength, output power, and application. Some of the common types are single-mode laser diodes, multi-mode laser diodes, master oscillator power amplifier (MOPA) laser diodes, vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) diodes, distributed feedback (DFB) laser diodes, external cavity diode lasers (ECDLs), etc. Laser diodes have a wide range of applications in various fields due to their advantages such as compact size, low power consumption, high efficiency, long lifetime, and versatility. Some of their applications are optical storage, optical communication, optical scanning, optical sensing, optical display, and optical surgery. Despite their benefits, laser diodes have drawbacks including temperature sensitivity, optical feedback, mode hopping, and high costs.
