Cineálacha Insúlóirí a Úsáidtear i Línte Trasnála (Thosaigh)

Teoráin Íoslódaithe Insléacán

Tá cúig phríomhchineál insléacáin á n-úsáid i línte trasnála: Pin, Suspension, Strain, Stay, agus Shackle.

• Insléacán Pin

• Insléacán Suspension

• Insléacán Strain

• Insléacán Stay

• Insléacán Shackle

Úsáidtear Insléacáin Pin, Suspension, agus Strain i gcórais meán- go dtí ardsholáthar. Tá Insléacáin Stay agus Shackle á n-úsáid go príomha i gcórais íoslódaithe.

Insléacán Pin

Is é inisléacán pin an chéad chineál inisléacáin ar fad os cionn a bhí a fhorbairt agus tá sé fós in úsáid laethúil i réseachtaí cumhachta suas go 33 kV. Is féidir leis a bheith déanta i gcomhthéacs amháin, dhá, nó trí chuid bunaithe ar an sholáthar.

Sa chóras 11 kV, úsáidimid gné amháin de inisléacán, déanta as píosa amháin porceáin nó glaise fordeasta.

Ó dtagann cosán leite inisléacáin thart ar a suíomh, cabhróidh méadú ar an milleadh ingearach lena mhéid a chosaint. Soláthraimid aon, dhá nó níos mó rain shed nó petticoat ar corp an inisléacáin chun cosán leite fhada a fháil.

Mar sin féin, tá roinnt eile de chúlra ag na rain shed nó petticoat ar inisléacán. Tá siad deartha mar thoradh ar an uisce ón tuath nach mbeidh an taobh isteach dorcha agus gan ionradh. Mar sin, beidh briseadh ar an gcosán ionradh trí inisléacán pin dorcha.

I gcórais soláthair níos airde – cosúil le 33KV agus 66KV – is deacair é inisléacán porceáin pin amháin a dhearbhú. Cuireann an t-ardsholáthar gur gá go mbeadh an inisléacán níos tiubhe chun insláchain sásamhach a sholáthar. Ní práideach é inisléacán porceáin amháin an-diúltach a dhearbhú.

In ainneoin sin, úsáidimid inisléacán pin roinnte, áit a ndeantar cuid porceáin deartha a chumasaigh le chéile le ceimint Portland chun aon aonad inisléacáin iomlán a chruthú. Úsáidimid inisléacán pin dhá chuid do chórais 33KV, agus inisléacán pin trí chuid do chórais 66KV.

Meadhair Deseoirt Inisléacáin Leictreach

Tá an gearrscuaine beo atá ceangailte le barr an inisléacán pin, a dhéanann an modh beo. Tá bonn an inisléacáin dírithe ar an struchtúr tacaíochta ag modh talamh. Caithfidh an inisléacán a bheith in ann stresanna modh idir an gconduitóir agus an talamh a dheimhneáil. Is é an fhad is giorra idir an gconduitóir agus an talamh, timpeall ar corp an inisléacáin, tríd a mbféadfadh aonrú leictreach a tharla trí an aer, aitheanta mar fhad flashover.

Nuair a bhíonn an inisléacán dorcha, tar éis an taobh amuigh a dhéanamh beagnach ionradh. Mar sin, laghdóidh an fhad flashover den inisléacán. Caithfidh an dearadh inisléacáin leictreach a bheith mar thoradh ar laghdú an fhad flashover a bheith ag an inisléacán dorcha. Seo an fáth go bhfuil an petticoat is airde inisléacán pin deartha mar thoradh ar scáth a chur ar an gcuid íosta den inisléacán ón sruth. Tá an t-eagarthar is airde den phetticoat is airde a dhréachtáil chun an modh flashover is airde a choimeád le linn na srutha.

Tá na rain shed déanta mar thoradh ar nach mbeidh siad ag cur isteach ar an ndaidleán modh. Tá siad deartha mar thoradh ar a dtugann siad subsurface ag crích de réir línte fuinnimh leictromagach.

Insléacán Post

Is cosúil le inisléacáin pin inisléacáin post, ach is oiriúnach i bhfad níos mó iad inisléacáin post do chórais soláthair níos airde.

Tá níos mó de na petticoats agus airde níos mó ag inisléacáin post ná inisléacáin pin. Is féidir linn an cineál inisléacán seo a chumasc ar struchtúr tacaíochta go hionchorpasach agus go ingearach. Tá an inisléacán déanta as píosa amháin porceáin agus tá comhordú clamp ag an da cheann bun agus barr chun a chumasc.

Is é na difríochtaí príomha idir inisléacán pin agus inisléacán post:

Insléacán Suspension

I gcórais soláthair níos airde, os cionn 33KV, is neamhoirthiúil é inisléacán pin a úsáid mar gheall ar an méid, an mhéide, an inisléacán a bheith níos mó. Is tasc an-deacair é inisléacán amháin an-doras a úsáid agus a athsholáthar. For the development of suspension insulator, these difficulties were overcome.

In suspension insulator, numbers of insulators are connected in series to form a string and the line conductor is carried by the bottom most insulator. Each insulator of a suspension string is called disc insulator because of their disc like shape.

Advantages of Suspension Insulator

• Each suspension disc is designed for normal voltage rating 11KV (Higher voltage rating 15KV), so by using different numbers of discs, a suspension string can be made suitable for any voltage level.

• If any one of the disc insulators in a suspension string is damaged, it can be replaced much easily.

• Mechanical stresses on the suspension insulator is less since the line hanged on a flexible suspension string.

• As the current carrying conductors are suspended from supporting structure by suspension string, the height of the conductor position is always less than the total height of the supporting structure. Therefore, the conductors may be safe from lightening.

Disadvantages of Suspension Insulator

• Suspension insulator string costlier than pin and post type insulator.

• Suspension string requires more height of supporting structure than that for pin or post insulator to maintain same ground clearance of current conductor.

• The amplitude of free swing of conductors is larger in suspension insulator system, hence, more spacing between conductors should be provided.

Insléacán Strain

A suspension string used to handle significant tensile loads is called a strain insulator. It is used where there is a dead end or sharp corner in the transmission line, requiring the line to bear a heavy tensile load. A strain insulator must have considerable mechanical strength as well as the necessary electrical insulating properties.

Insléacán Stay

For low voltage lines, the stays are to be insulated from ground at a height. The insulator used in the stay wire is called as the stay insulator and is usually of porcelain and is so designed that in case of breakage of the insulator the guy-wire will not fall to the ground.

Insléacán Shackle

The shackle insulator (also known as a spool insulator) is usually used in low voltage distribution network. It can be used in both the horizontal or vertical positions. The use of such insulator has decreased recently after increasing the using of underground cable for distribution purpose.

The tapered hole of the spool insulator distributes the load more evenly and minimizes the possibility of breakage when heavily loaded. The conductor in the groove of shackle insulator is fixed with the help of soft binding wire.